Impact of Cypermethrin on Fingerlings of Common Edible Carp(Labeo rohita)

Abstract

Laboratory evaluations were made to assess the toxicological and biochemical effect of cypermethrin on fingerlings of common edible freshwater culture carp (Labeo rohita). There was a significant negative (P < 0.05) correlation observed between effective doses of cypermethrin and exposure periods; that is, LC50 values decreased from 0.323 μg/L (6 h) to > 0.278 μg/L (12 h), > 0.240 μg/L (18 h) and >0.205 μg/L (24 h). Exposure to sublethal doses of cypermethrin for 24 h and 96 h exposure period caused significant (P < 0.05) time- and dose-dependent alterations in total protein, total free amino acids, nucleic acids, glycogen, pyruvate, and lactate level and in the activity of enzyme protease, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase, acid phosphatases, alkaline phosphatases, acetylcholinesterase, and cytochrome oxidase in liver and muscle tissues of fish. Thus, cypermethrin has potent piscicidal activity against fingerlings of fish Labeo rohita and adversely affects their behavioural patterns, shifting aerobic pathway of fish respiration towards anaerobic pathway and also inhibiting energy production by suppressing ATP synthesis.

Cypermethrin induced stress and changes in growth of freshwater fish Oreochromis niloticus

“…Changes in glucose metabolism were also linked with the activities of hepatic alkaline phosphatase, which were decreased in cypermethrin-treated O. niloticus as compared to control. Similar effects of cypermethrin on alkaline phosphatase activities were found in the liver of Heterobranchus bidorsalis (Gabriel et al 2011), H. fossilis (Saha and Kaviraj 2009b) and L. rohita (Tiwari et al 2012). Liver alkaline phosphatase promotes glycogen synthesis by inactivating the enzyme phosphorylase.…”

“…Similar effects of cypermethrin have been reported for Clarias batrachus (Begum 2005), H. fossilis (Saha and Kaviraj 2009b) and Ophiocephalus punctatus (Shruti et al 2011) and Labeo rohita (Tiwari et al 2012). Carbohydrate serves as the instant source of energy during stress.…”

“…This reaction was evident in the acute toxicity experiment with cypermethrin in the present study. Cypermethrin probably interacts with the hydrophobic aromatic surface region of acetylcholinesterase and inhibits the activities of this enzyme as observed in L. rohita (Tiwari et al 2012), C. batrachus (Kumar et al 2014), Channa striatus (Ahmed et al 2015) and Cyprinus carpio (Neelima et al 2015).…”

“…Gluconeogenesis is promoted by the incorporation of keto acids into tricarboxylic acid (TCA) cycle via active transdeamination (Neelima et al 2013). Studies on cypermethrin-induced increase in the activities of hepatic AST and ALT in C. batrachus (Begum 2005), Cirrhinus mrigala (Prasanth and Neelagund 2008), Channa punctatus and C. batrachus (Kumar et al 2011), L. rohita (Tiwari et al 2012), Catla catla (Vani et al 2012) and Prochilodus lineatus (Loteste et al 2013) indicate that fish utilize amino acids to overcome the stress of cypermethrin. Changes in glucose metabolism were also linked with the activities of hepatic alkaline phosphatase, which were decreased in cypermethrin-treated O. niloticus as compared to control.…”

“…Comparison of the data generated was helpful to evaluate impact of inert ingredients, if any, onthe toxicity of the commercial formulation of cypemethrin to fish. Since liver is the main site of detoxification of toxicants entering into the body, researchers have made efforts to detect stress of cypermethrin on fish from the activities of hepatic enzymes related to various metabolic pathways (Tiwari et al 2012;Adeyemi et al 2014). Reviews by Kaviraj and Gupta (2014) have documented the effects of cypermethrin on liver glycogen, activities of alkaline and acid phosphatase, activities of enzymes related to nitrogen metabolism and lipid peroxidation of liver.…”