Immunomodulatory Activity of Platycodon grandiflorum, Codonopsis lanceolata, and Adenophora triphylla Extracts in Macrophage Cells

김은혜,; 곽지영,; 정미자,

doi:10.3746/jkfn.2018.47.11.1069

Cited by 7 publications

(3 citation statements)

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“…The study of immune-enhancing effects of natural products represents an active area of current research [18, 25, 26]. Previous studies have reported immune enhancement following administration of PG [27, 28]. However, these reports have only determined the effect of PG on immune enhancement of lymphocytes and macrophages.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno-enhancement effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts in splenocytes and a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model

Noh

Kim

Lee³

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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Background: Platycodon grandiflorum is a flowering plant that is used in traditional medicine for treating pulmonary and respiratory disorders. It exerts various pharmacological effects, including immunomodulatory and anti-cancer activities. The purpose of this study was to confirm the in vitro and in vivo immune-enhancing effects of P. grandiflorum extract (PGE) on splenocytes isolated from cyclophosphamide (CP)-induced immunosuppressed rats. Methods: For in vitro analysis, splenocytes were treated with PGE at various doses along with CP. Cell viability was measured by a WST-1 assay, and NK cell activity and cytotoxic T lymphocyte (CTL) activity was also examined. In addition, immunoglobulin A (IgA), IgG, and cytokine levels were measured. For in vivo analysis, Sprague Dawley rats were treated with various doses of PGE along with CP. Complete blood count (CBC) was performed, and plasma levels of IgA, IgG, TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12 were quantified. Additionally, tissue damage was assessed through histological analyses of the thymus and spleen. Results: PGE treatment enhanced cell viability and natural killer cell and cytotoxic T lymphocyte activity, and increased the production of CP-induced inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA) in splenocytes. In addition, in CP-treated rats, PGE treatment induced the recovery of white blood cell, neutrophil, and lymphocyte counts, along with mid-range absolute counts, and increased the serum levels of inflammatory cytokines (TNF-α, IFN-γ, IL-2, and IL-12) and immunoglobulins (IgG and IgA). Moreover, PGE attenuated CP-induced spleen and thymic damage. Conclusions: Our results confirmed that PGE exerts an immune-enhancing effect both in vitro and in vivo, suggesting that PGE may have applications as a component of immunostimulatory agents or as an ingredient in functional foods.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Immuno-enhancement effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts in splenocytes and a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model

Noh

Kim

Lee³

et al. 2019

BMC Complement Altern Med

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“…Thus, increasing scientific interest has been observed in foods and drugs that can improve the immune system [ 4 ]. As a result, research has been actively conducted to enhance immunity or restore degraded immune functions by using immune boosters that are derived from natural substances with minimal possible side effects [ 5 , 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancement of Immune Activities of Mixtures with Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai and Ficus erecta var. sieboldii

Kwon

Choi

Han

et al. 2020

Foods

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The objective of the present study was to develop a concoction of natural products that could dramatically improve immune function with minimal possible side effects. Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai and Ficus erecta var. sieboldii are plants that are native to Jeju Island, Korea and are known to be rich in physiologically active substances. We prepared a mixture of different proportions and extraction conditions using two natural plants and determined their optimum mixing ratio and extraction method by assessing immune function-related biomarkers in RAW264.7 macrophages. Optimal extract (HR02/04(8:2)-W) was selected from in vitro experiments and its immunity-enhancing efficacy was evaluated in mice. After oral administration of extract to BALB/c mice for 2 weeks, nitric oxide production in the peritoneal exudate cells, natural killer cell cytotoxicity, cytokine expression in splenocytes, and total cell number of immune tissues and phenotype analysis were evaluated. Our results demonstrated that HR02/04(8:2)-W significantly enhanced the immune system by increasing natural killer cell activity, cytokine expression, and total number of cells in immune tissues. In conclusion, our study validates the role of HR02/04(8:2)-W in enhancing immunity and its potential development as a functional food.

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“…However, the PG has a strong bitter taste which urged us develop the aging red PG (PGS) that not only improved the taste, but also the content of a physiologically-active substance called platycodin D. This has anti-cancer effects in addition to anti-inflammatory and diabetes prevention [44]. Moreover, it is well known to improve immunity by proliferating immune cells [45]. Thus, considering the PG with 150mg/kg body weight showed an enhancing immunity in in vivo experiment, PGS with 150mg/kg and half of its amount (75mg/kg) were evaluated to characterize the effect of PG.…”

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confidence: 99%

Effects ofPlatycodon grandiflorumon Gut Microbiota and Immune System of Immunosuppressed Mouse

Jhang

Lee

et al. 2021

Preprint

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Platycodon grandiflorum (PG) has been used as a traditional remedy to control immune related diseases. However, there is limited information about its immune stimulating effects on the immunosuppressed model. The main bioactive components such as saponins are known to con-tribute to controlling immune activity. Thus, we developed an aged red PG (PGS) with 2.6 times of platycodin D, one of the saponins. We treated PG and PGS (PG-diets) to immunosuppressed mice via cyclophosphamide (CPA) injection. After 2weeks of the supplement, 16S rRNA sequencing was performed to investigate the effects of PG-diets on the gut microbiota and immune system in the immune suppressed model. PG-diets groups showed an increased abundance of microorganism in immune-deficient mice compared to the control NC group, indicating PG-diets have a distinct effect on microbial communities. Detection of specific genera related to the immune related biomarkers in PG-diets groups can support their effects on the immune system. Especially, the Akkermansia showed a significant decrease of abundance in response to the CPA treatment in the NC group at the genus level, but its abundance increased in response to the PG-diets treatment in the PG-diets groups. We also found that the modulation of gut microbiome by PG-diets was correlated with body weight as one of important immune biomarkers, though not much difference was found between PG and PGS effects. The results demonstrate that PG-diets may improve the health benefits of immune suppressed mice by altering the gut microbiome.

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Immunomodulatory Activity of Platycodon grandiflorum, Codonopsis lanceolata, and Adenophora triphylla Extracts in Macrophage Cells

Cited by 7 publications

References 0 publications

Immuno-enhancement effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts in splenocytes and a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model

Immuno-enhancement effects of Platycodon grandiflorum extracts in splenocytes and a cyclophosphamide-induced immunosuppressed rat model

Enhancement of Immune Activities of Mixtures with Sasa quelpaertensis Nakai and Ficus erecta var. sieboldii

Effects ofPlatycodon grandiflorumon Gut Microbiota and Immune System of Immunosuppressed Mouse

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