Immunological Responses of Sesamia cretica to Ferula ovina Essential Oil

Abstract

The current research was performed aiming to investigate the effects of Ferula ovina essential oil on the fourth instar larval hemogram of Sesamia cretica. Four main sorts of circulating hemocytes, including prohemocytes, plasmatocytes, granulocytes (GRs), and oenocytoides, were identified in the fourth instar larvae. Treatment of the larvae with the concentration of 1000 ppm of the essential oil led to an enhancement of the total hemocyte and GR count followed by a dose-dependent decrease at the concentrations of 2500 and 7000 ppm. Plasmatocyte numbers declined in all the treatments with more significant effects at increased doses. The greatest numbers of GRs, plasmatocytes, and total hemocytes were found after 48 h of treatment. The highest phenol-oxidase activity was recorded 12 h after treatment at the concentration of 2500 ppm. The highest effect on nodule formation was exerted by the concentration of 7000 ppm 12 h after treatment. The results of the present study clearly indicated that the treatment of larvae by the essential oil of F. ovina decreased the numbers of total and differential hemocyte counts although phenol-oxidase activity and the number of nodules showed no decline in the treated larvae. These results demonstrated that Ferula ovina essential oil has a significant effect on the immune ability of the studied insect and can be useful and usable for future research to practical management of this pest.

Disturbing Effects of Botanicals on the Haemogram and Immune Parameters of Insects: Recent Progress of The Search for Effective Biopesticides

“…In late-aged nymphs, all extracts exhibited inhibitory effects on THC (for some detail, see Table 1). As recorded by Sadeghi et al (2017), treatment of the 4 th instar larvae of the corn stem borer Sesamia cretica with 1000 ppm of the essential oil of Ferula ovina promoted the THC, followed by a dose-dependent decrease of THC at 2500 and 7000 ppm. In the same insect, THC was variously affected by the essential oil since a decrease in THC was recorded until 12 hr but an increase was observed by 24-48 hr.…”

“…In addition, treatment of diet of the A. grisella larvae with different doses of IAA resulted in a decrease of PLs (Çelik et al, 2017). Treatment of the 4 th instar larvae of S. cretica with 1000 ppm of F. ovina essential oil led to a dose-dependent reduction of PLs count after 48 hr of treatment (Sadeghi et al, 2017).…”

“…pipiens with methanolic extracts of S. nigrum, A. spectabilis and H. aegyptiacum (Zahran and Gad, 2013). In addition, treatment of the 4 th instar larvae of S. cretica with 1000 ppm of essential oil of F. ovina resulted in a reduction of GRs count (Sadeghi et al, 2017). After 48 hrs of treatment of S. littoralis 4 th instar larvae with LC25 of C. procerae and A. halimus extracts, GRs count decreased in the larvae (Asiri, 2017).…”

“…However, some authors (Huang et al, 2011;Shu et al, 2015;Er et al, 2017) reported that Azt treatment led to apoptosis and autophagy in insect cell lines resulting in cell death. The reduction in THC after treatment with certain botanicals may be attributed to the nodulation, encapsulation and phagocytosis (Pandey et al, 2007) and/or their toxic effects on the immune cells (Sadeghi et al, 2017).…”

Metabolic Profile, Bioactivities, and Variations in the Chemical Constituents of Essential Oils of the Ferula Genus (Apiaceae)

“…This result indicated that TrpV1 channels were the target site for the essential oil component, which was likely to be (Z)-sec-butyl propenyl disulfide, aver by the molecular modeling method using a known TrpV1 agonist. Sadeghi et al, (2017) studies the effect of F. ovina essential oil on the immune system of Sesamia cretica Ledereer. The results proved that the essential oil had a visual effect on the S. cretica's immune system.…”