Background: Stored-product insect pests are responsible for considerable quantitative and qualitative losses of agricultural products mainly cereals and legumes. The confused flour beetle Tribolium confusum and the cowpea weevil Callosobruchus maculatus are considered as the most destructive pests of stored grains and grain-derived products. In the present study nano zeolite (40-50 nm) was applied at different dose rates to wheat and cowpea to evaluate its insecticidal efficacy against both insects. Results: Insect mortality was assessed after 1, 2, 3, 7, and 14 days of exposure for T. confusum and after 1, 2, and 3 days of exposure for C. maculatus. The mortality of T. confusum and C. maculatus adults exposed to wheat and cowpea seeds treated with nano zeolite was increased significantly with increasing dose and exposure intervals. The adult progeny production and the number of eggs laid were significantly decreased by increasing nano zeolite dose. In the present study, scanning electron microscope (SEM) was used to observe the adult insects exposed to nano zeolite-treated seeds. Nano zeolite attached all over the insect body with scratches and splits on the cuticle that lead to the loss of water through dehydration. Conclusion: The results indicated that nano zeolite, which is considered as nontoxic to the environment and safe for human consumption, can be used effectively with success as an integral part of programs for the protection of cereal grains from stored-product insect pests.
The relative suitability of the different host plants as well as the different textures for the egg laying of Agrotis ipsilon was conducted. The results showed that deccan hemp plant (Hibiscus cannabinus) attracted the females to lay the majority of their eggs on it. The lower surface of the plant leaves elicited the maximum response with respect to the different hosts examined with the exception to the plant leaves of deccan hemp, where as the adults directed their preference to the upper surface. The texture of the wire gauze covered the ovipositional cage elicited the maximum ovipositional response in comparison to the other substrates present.
Zusammenfassung
Über die Unterscheidung verschiedener Substrate bei der Eiablage von Agrotis ipsilon (Hufn.) (Lepid., Noctuidae)
Es wurde die relative Eignung verschiedener Wirtspflanzen sowie unterschiedlicher Oberflächenstruktur für die Eiablage von A. ipsilon untersucht. Es zeigte sich, daß unter mehreren Pflanzen Hibiscus cannabinus für die Eiablage besonders anziehend wirkte. Die Blattunterseite war bei allen untersuchten Wirtspflanzen hinsichtlich der Eiablage attrakriver als die Blattoberseite, mit Ausnahme der Hibiscus‐Blätter, bei denen es umgekehrt war. Die Oberflächenstruktur der die Eiablage‐Käfige bedeckenden Drahtgaze war für die ablegenden ♀♀ attraktiver als alle dargebotenen Pflanzen.
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