Image-guided surgery and medical robotics in the cranial area

Abstract

Surgery in the cranial area includes complex anatomic situations with high-risk structures and high demands for functional and aesthetic results. Conventional surgery requires that the surgeon transfers complex anatomic and surgical planning information, using spatial sense and experience. The surgical procedure depends entirely on the manual skills of the operator. The development of image-guided surgery provides new revolutionary opportunities by integrating presurgical 3D imaging and intraoperative manipulation. Augmented reality, mechatronic surgical tools, and medical robotics may continue to progress in surgical instrumentation, and ultimately, surgical care. The aim of this article is to review and discuss state-of-the-art surgical navigation and medical robotics, image-to-patient registration, aspects of accuracy, and clinical applications for surgery in the cranial area.

Fabrication of a Capacitance-Based Tactile Sensor with Biomedical Applications

“…Applications to the prostatectomy procedure and in the resection of tumors in neurosurgery are excellent examples [13] . Other examples of advanced mechatronic surgical tools to enhance skill levels are in the alignments of bone tissues in craniofacial surgery [14] , the control of cutting tools in knee surgery [15] , the precise control of tool motion in soft tissues in the ear [16] , and needle penetration [17] . However, MIS decreases the tactile sensory perception of the surgeon.…”

Can coffee improve image guidance?

“…The sphenoid sinus in this phantom was filled in with solid plastic to simulate a hard tumor. The total tumor volume was 7895 mm 3 . Figure 4.…”

“…Broadly speaking, several types of registration are typically used in clinical image guidance systems 2,3,4,5 . In endonasal surgery, stereotactic frames and bone screw-based fiducial markers are typically avoided due to their invasiveness, and non-invasive surface-based registration is employed.…”

“…The surgeon drilled less total volume in the case of the headband, stopping when he perceived he was close to violating a critical structure such as the brain or carotid artery. The original tumor volume was 7895 mm 3 and the drilled volume of tumor was 5770 mm 3 for the GJH and 2604 mm 3 for the headband. This conservative behavior can be also observed in the time needed to complete the drilling, where the surgeon was slower and more careful when more error was introduced.…”

Real‐time motion tracking in image‐guided oral implantology

“…Since its introduction in 1986 (7), navigational technology in neurosurgery has extended to numerous surgical procedures in the craniomaxillofacial region (6,(8)(9)(10)(19)(20)(21)(22)(23)(24). Recently, several computer-aided navigation systems have been presented in oral implantology, e.g.…”