Identification and antimicrobial resistance of members from the Enterobacteriaceae family isolated from canaries (Serinus canaria)

Abstract

RESUMO.-[Identificação e resistência antimicrobiana de membros da família Enterobacteriaceae isolados de canários (Serinus canaria).]A família Enterobacteriaceae possui bactérias com potencial zoonótico e a presença destas bactérias em canários é relatada na literatura, porém a realidade dos plantéis de criadores de canários é desconhecida. Portanto, este trabalho teve como objetivo isolar enterobactérias de canários belga (Serinus canarius) com o intuito de conhecer os gêneros mais comuns nestas aves e suas respectivas resistências a antimicrobianos. De fevereiro a junho de 2013 foram coletadas 387 amostras de swabs cloacais de canários de oito propriedades da cidade de Fortaleza, Brasil e de 58 necropsias de aves do acervo próprio do Laboratório de Estudos Ornitológicos. As amostras foram submetidas a isolamento microbiológico utilizando-se água peptonada e ágar MacConkey. As colônias foram selecionadas de acordo com suas características morfológicas nas placas, submetidas à tipificação bioquímica para identificação e ao teste de sensibilidade a antimicrobianos. The Enterobacteriaceae family contains potentially zoonotic bacteria, and their presence in canaries is often reported, though the current status of these in bird flocks is unknown. Therefore, this study aimed to identify the most common genera of enterobacteria from canaries (Serinus canaria) and their antimicrobial resistance profiles. From February to June of 2013, a total of 387 cloacal swab samples from eight domiciliary breeding locations of Fortaleza city, Brazil, were collected and 58 necropsies were performed in canaries, which belonged to the Laboratory of Ornithological Studies. The samples were submitted to microbiological procedure using buffered peptone water and MacConkey agar. Colonies were selected according to their morphological characteristics on selective agar and submitted for biochemical identification and antimicrobial susceptibility. A total of 61 isolates were obtained, of which 42 were from cloacal swabs and 19 from necropsies. The most isolated bacteria was Escherichia coli with twenty five strains, followed by fourteen Klebsiella spp., twelve Enterobacter spp., seven Pantoea agglomerans, two Serratia spp. and one Proteus mirabilis. The antimicrobial to which the strains presented most resistance was sulfonamides with 55.7%, followed by ampicillin with 54.1% and tetracycline with 39.3%. The total of multidrug-resistant bacteria (MDR) was 34 (55.7%). In conclusion, canaries harbor members of the Enterobacteriaceae family and common strains present a high antimicrobial resistance rate, with a high frequency of MDR bacteria. 34 (55,7%). Portanto, conclui-se que os canários albergam enterobactérias e que as cepas apresentam alto índice de resistência a antimicrobianos, com alta frequência de cepas RMD.

Detection of Enterobacteriaceae, antimicrobial susceptibility, and virulence genes of Escherichia coli in canaries (Serinus canaria) in northeastern Brazil

“…In the present study, 4.5% (4/88) of the isolated samples were Escherichia coli strains. Similar results were found by Horn et al (2015), who observed 3.6% positivity in samples from apparently healthy Belgian canaries, but from cloacal swabs. In contrast, other studies have reported higher frequencies of E. coli in the Passeriformes order.…”

“…The first refers to the fact that not all cases of resistance occur due to an acquired condition; in some cases, bacteria manifest intrinsic resistance to some antibiotics, as in the case of ampicillin associated with Enterobacter aerogenes, Enterobacter cloacae, Hafnia alvei and Klebsiella pneumoniae (CLSI 2014) pathogens, which even after subtracting the cases of resistance associated with these bacteria, still remains the antibiotic that shows the second highest resistance occurrence in relation to Enterobacteriaceae. Regarding the case of MDR (37.7%), the frequency found in this study was lower than that observed by Horn et al (2015), who verified that 49.2% of the Enterobacteriaceae isolated were resistant to three or more of the antibiotics investigated. Nevertheless, it is worth mentioning that the analysis conducted by these researchers, as it has occurred in several other studies involving Passeriformes and birds of other species raised in captivity, did not consider, for the purpose of MDR calculations, the guidelines indicated by Magiorakos et al (2012), in which the quantification of strains resistant to an antibiotic should be made considering the classes of antibiotics used.…”

“…Giacopello et al (2015) also observed that the highest resistance in enterobacteria analyzed in canaries in Italy occurred with respect to amoxicillin (100%), ampicillin (92.2%), and streptomycin (61.2%), and these detected rates show percentages higher than those found in the present study. Horn et al (2015) reported percentage resistance rates of 55.7, 54.1, and 39.3% to sulfonamides, 3 (4.9) 6 4 (6.6) 7 2 (3.3) 8 1 (1.6) * The frequency obtained for each number of classes of antibiotics was the same when strains with and without intrinsic resistance were considered.…”

Detection of Extended Spectrum Beta-Lactamases from a Pet Blue-Fronted-Amazon Parrot (Amazona aestiva)

“…Regarding the isolation of resistant bacteria in birds, Horn et al [4], isolated 61 bacterial strains from 42 cloacal and 9 necropsy swabs from canaries (Serinus canarius) in the city of Fortaleza, in the State of Ceará, Brazil. The species found were Escherichia coli, Klebsiella spp., Enterobacter spp., Pantoea agglomerans, Serratia spp., and Proteus mirabilis, with E. coli being the most prevalent one, with a total of 25 isolations.…”

Bactérias zoonóticas isoladas de Passeriformes silvestres recuperados do tráfico de animais no estado do Ceará/Brasil

“…O protocolo de isolamento de E. coli e Salmonella spp. foi executado segundo as recomendações de Koneman et al (2012).…”