Hyperglycaemia and Diuresis during Sedation with Detomidine in the Horse

Gasthuys, Frank; Terpstra, P.; Hende, C. Van Den; Moor, Antoine De

doi:10.1111/j.1439-0442.1987.tb00326.x

Cited by 43 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 14 publications

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“…The temporary mild sweating of two horses during the trial might be a side-effect of the sedation with detomidine (Gasthuys et al 1987) and not a consequence of the maxillary nerve block. Horses of both groups showed long-term consequences as blepharospasm, miosis, swollen upper and lower palpebrae, uveitis, a superficial ulcer or a small subcutaneous hematoma.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Maxillary nerve block within the pterygopalatine fossa of the horse with different volumes: practicability, efficacy and side-effects

Rieder¹,

Staszyk²,

Hopster³

et al. 2016

PHK

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Summary:The maxillary nerve block within the pterygopalatine fossa is a commonly used technique in equine dental surgery. The objective of the present study was to determine the risks of the maxillary nerve block within the pterygopalatine fossa using two different doses of lidocaine and to evaluate methods for testing adequate analgesia of teeth and gingiva. In a preliminary experiment ten horses were trained to tolerate a mouth gag without sedation. A mechanical and thermal stimulation was applied on the palatal gingiva and the occlusal surface. Thermal as well as mechanical stimulation resulted in a reproducible defense reaction in all horses. The main study was designed as a prospective, randomised, blinded, experimental trial. Ten clinically healthy horses were used in a randomised cross-over design. Horses were sedated with 0.02 -0.03 mg/kg detomidine iv. A maxillary nerve block was performed on one side of the head with the previously described "Extraperiorbital-Fat-Body-Insertion" (EFBI) technique using either 2 ml/100 kg BW lidocaine (group low) or 4 ml/100 kg BW lidocaine (group high). A Schirmer tear test was performed before and after nerve block, on both sides of the head (blocked and non-blocked side). Analgesia of the teeth and the surrounding gingiva was assessed by applying mechanical and thermal stimuli on both sides of the head (blocked and non-blocked side) 10 and 25 minutes after lidocaine injection. Heart rate, respiratory rate, sweating, and change of the pupil size were recorded before and in 5 minute intervals after lidocaine injection for 35 minutes. No side effects were observed in 16 out of 20 experiments. Four horses showed blepharospasm, miosis, swollen palpebrae, superficial corneal ulcer, or uveitis. Symptoms disappeared completely after symptomatic treatment. Lacrimation was reduced after nerve block, even though no statistically significant differences were found for lacrimation rate before and after nerve block. Analgesia of teeth and gingiva was not assessable with thermal and mechanical stimuli in the sedated horse. The used dosage of lidocaine did not influence any of the recorded clinical parameters. Although the pterygopalatine fossa houses delicate anatomical structures, the EFBI-technique appears to be a safe method for blocking the maxillary nerve. It is recommended to apply lubricating ointments to keep the cornea moist and therefore avoid negative side effects on the eye.Keywords: local anaesthesia / analgesia / equine dentistry / maxillary nerve block / lacrimation Citation: Rieder C. M., Staszyk C., Hopster K., Feige K., Bienert-Zeit A. (2016) Maxillary nerve block within the pterygopalatine fossa of the horse with different volumes: practicability, efficacy and side-effects. Pferdeheilkunde 32,[132][133][134][135][136][137][138][139][140]

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Maxillary nerve block within the pterygopalatine fossa of the horse with different volumes: practicability, efficacy and side-effects

Rieder¹,

Staszyk²,

Hopster³

et al. 2016

PHK

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“…1982, 1984). Gasthuys et al. (1987) noted a marked increase in glucose concentrations following administration of detomidine and atropine in horses.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 98%

Effect of yohimbine on detomidine induced changes in behavior, cardiac and blood parameters in the horse

Knych

Covarrubias

Steffey

2012

Veterinary Anaesthesia and Analgesia

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“…Similar findings were also recorded in buffalo calves under thiopental anaesthesia (Mirakhur, Sobti & Nigam 1984). Hyperglycemia might be attributed to alpha-2 adrenergic inhibition of insulin released from betapancreatic cells and to increased glucose production in the liver (Gasthuys et al 1987). Increase in plasma glucose after medetomidine administration in goats (Hugar et al 1998), xylazine in cattle (Thurmon et al 1996), water buffaloes (Peshin & Kumar 1979), sheep (Brockman 1981) and goats (Kumar & Thurmon 1979) and butorphanol-medetomidine-halothane in water buffaloes (Malik 2008) has been reported.…”

Section: Interpretation Of Biochemical Observationsmentioning

confidence: 96%

Clinicophysiological and haemodynamic effects of fentanyl with xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anaesthetised water buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>)

Singh

Kinjavdekar

Amarpal

et al. 2013

J. S. Afr. Vet. Assoc.

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The present study was undertaken to investigate the sedative, analgesic and clinical effects of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine with fentanyl as pre-anaesthetics in water buffaloes and to compare the dose-sparing effect of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on thiopental for induction and isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia in water buffaloes. Six male water buffaloes randomly received intravenous fentanyl (5.0 µg/kg body weight) and xylazine (0.05 mg/kg body weight), fentanyl (5.0 µg/kg body weight) and medetomidine (2.5 µg/kg body weight), fentanyl (5.0 µg/kg body weight) and dexmedetomidine (5.0 µg/kg body weight) at weekly intervals in groups I1, I2 and I3, respectively. After 15 min, the animals were restrained in right lateral recumbency and anaesthesia was induced by 5% thiopental sodium administered intravenously. The intubated animal was connected to the large animal anaesthesia machine and isoflurane in 100% oxygen (5 L/min) was insufflated for 60 min. The treatments were compared by clinicophysiological, haematobiochemical and haemodynamic parameters. Fentanyl-medetomidine and fentanyl-dexmedetomidine produced more cardiovascular depression during the pre-anaesthetic period but less depression of cardio-respiratory dynamics in the post induction and maintenance period. Quicker recovery was recorded in I2 and I3 groups. A lower dose of thiopental was required in group I3 (4.33 mg/kg ± 0.66 mg/kg) than in groups I2 (4.41 mg/kg ± 0.98 mg/kg) and I1 (4.83 mg/kg ± 0.79 mg/kg). The dose of isoflurane was less in group I3 (45.50 mL ± 5.45 mL) than in group I1 and I2 (48.66 mL ± 5.10 mL and 48.00 mL ± 6.38 mL). Better anaesthesia was recorded with fentanyl-dexmedetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane (group I3) than with fentanyl-medetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane (group I2) and fentanyl-xylazine-thiopental-isoflurane (group I1). Fentanyl-medetomidine and fentanyl-dexmedetomidine were better pre-anaesthetic agents in comparison to fentanyl-xylazine for thiopental and isoflurane anaesthesia. Fentanyl-dexmedetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane and fentanyl-medetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane produced effective surgical anaesthesia and were found to be safe, as cardio-pulmonary functions were well preserved during maintenance anaesthesia with no deleterious effect on vital organ functions in water buffaloes.

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Hyperglycaemia and Diuresis during Sedation with Detomidine in the Horse

Cited by 43 publications

References 14 publications

Maxillary nerve block within the pterygopalatine fossa of the horse with different volumes: practicability, efficacy and side-effects

Maxillary nerve block within the pterygopalatine fossa of the horse with different volumes: practicability, efficacy and side-effects

Effect of yohimbine on detomidine induced changes in behavior, cardiac and blood parameters in the horse

Clinicophysiological and haemodynamic effects of fentanyl with xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anaesthetised water buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>)

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