Clinicophysiological and haemodynamic effects of fentanyl with xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine in isoflurane-anaesthetised water buffaloes (<i>Bubalus bubalis</i>)

Abstract

The present study was undertaken to investigate the sedative, analgesic and clinical effects of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine with fentanyl as pre-anaesthetics in water buffaloes and to compare the dose-sparing effect of xylazine, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine on thiopental for induction and isoflurane for maintenance of anaesthesia in water buffaloes. Six male water buffaloes randomly received intravenous fentanyl (5.0 µg/kg body weight) and xylazine (0.05 mg/kg body weight), fentanyl (5.0 µg/kg body weight) and medetomidine (2.5 µg/kg body weight), fentanyl (5.0 µg/kg body weight) and dexmedetomidine (5.0 µg/kg body weight) at weekly intervals in groups I1, I2 and I3, respectively. After 15 min, the animals were restrained in right lateral recumbency and anaesthesia was induced by 5% thiopental sodium administered intravenously. The intubated animal was connected to the large animal anaesthesia machine and isoflurane in 100% oxygen (5 L/min) was insufflated for 60 min. The treatments were compared by clinicophysiological, haematobiochemical and haemodynamic parameters. Fentanyl-medetomidine and fentanyl-dexmedetomidine produced more cardiovascular depression during the pre-anaesthetic period but less depression of cardio-respiratory dynamics in the post induction and maintenance period. Quicker recovery was recorded in I2 and I3 groups. A lower dose of thiopental was required in group I3 (4.33 mg/kg ± 0.66 mg/kg) than in groups I2 (4.41 mg/kg ± 0.98 mg/kg) and I1 (4.83 mg/kg ± 0.79 mg/kg). The dose of isoflurane was less in group I3 (45.50 mL ± 5.45 mL) than in group I1 and I2 (48.66 mL ± 5.10 mL and 48.00 mL ± 6.38 mL). Better anaesthesia was recorded with fentanyl-dexmedetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane (group I3) than with fentanyl-medetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane (group I2) and fentanyl-xylazine-thiopental-isoflurane (group I1). Fentanyl-medetomidine and fentanyl-dexmedetomidine were better pre-anaesthetic agents in comparison to fentanyl-xylazine for thiopental and isoflurane anaesthesia. Fentanyl-dexmedetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane and fentanyl-medetomidine-thiopental-isoflurane produced effective surgical anaesthesia and were found to be safe, as cardio-pulmonary functions were well preserved during maintenance anaesthesia with no deleterious effect on vital organ functions in water buffaloes.

Evaluation of isoflurane anesthesia after xylazine/ketamineadministration in dromedary camels

“…Xylazine, however, caused mild salivation, drooping of lower lips, and relaxation of the neck in the present camels, findings that had been cited in another study (6). Tongue protrusion occurred in camels after xylazine administration, which is similar to the results of another study in water buffaloes (1). Endotracheal intubation has been cited as being difficult in camels because of the narrow oral space (7).…”

Evaluation of sevoflurane and isoflurane as maintenance agent in buffaloes after glycopyrrolate-xylazine-butorphanol-propofol anaesthesia

“…Cardiopulmonary functions were well preserved in all the animals maintained on either isoflurane or sevoflurane. Singh et al (2013) and Bodh et al (2015) also reported isoflurane to be suitable agent for maintenance of general anaesthesia in buffaloes. Sevoflurane has been used in cattle (Seller et al, 2013) and goats (Setoyama et al, 2003) satisfactorily.…”

“…Also, sevoflurane appears to offer a more stable heart rate profile in animals (Ebert et al, 1995). Isoflurane has been used as a safe and effective maintenance agent in water buffalo in experimental (Singh et al, 2013) as well as clinical studies (Bodh et al, 2015) but no information is available on the use of sevoflurane in water buffaloes. So, the present investigation was planned to compare the efficacy and safety of sevoflurane and isoflurane in clinical cases of buffaloes undergoing diaphragmatic herniorrhaphy.…”

Clinico-biochemical study on different pre-anesthetic drugs combined with propofol for neutering dogs

“…Our study was in accordance with earliest studies in dogs but decrease was remained in normal acceptable range (Maney et. al, 2013 andSingh et al, 2013).…”