Effect of yohimbine on detomidine induced changes in behavior, cardiac and blood parameters in the horse

Knych, Heather K.; Covarrubias, Vanessa; Steffey, Eugene

doi:10.1111/j.1467-2995.2012.00776.x

Cited by 12 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…Yohimbine antagonism of detomidine has been studied in horses (DiMaio Knych et al . ). Yohimbine is effective in antagonising detomidine‐induced sedation, bradycardia and atrioventricular blocks.…”

Section: Reversal Of Undesirable Effects Of α2‐adrenoceptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 97%

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A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha₂‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse

Zeiler

2014

Equine Veterinary Education

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SummaryAlpha2-adrenoceptor agonists xylazine, romifidine, detomidine and, in some cases, medetomidine and dexmedetomidine, are fundamental drugs used in equine practice. There are situations where the undesirable pharmacodynamic effects (ataxia, prolonged sedation, bradycardia and ileus) or accidental overdose of these drugs may need to be antagonised. The α 2-adrenoceptor antagonists tolazoline, yohimbine and atipamezole can be used to antagonise undesirable effects. However, despite being effective, α 2-adrenoceptor antagonists are also not without undesirable pharmacodynamic effects. Excitement, muscle trembling and triggered inappropriate stress responses are a few of the more serious undesirable effects. Horses demonstrate a variable response to the antagonists thus recommending dose rates become fraught with difficulty. It is therefore recommended that the α 2-adrenoceptor antagonist should be titrated to the desired clinical effect. Consequently, other reversal agents, such as anticholinergics (atropine, glycopyrrolate and hyoscine), have been administered for the treatment of α 2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced bradycardia. Anticholinergics cannot be recommended for routine use in horses due to the undesirable cardiovascular effects and potentiation of α 2-adrenoceptor agonist-induced gastrointestinal hypomotility. Novel peripheral acting α 2-adrenoceptor antagonists, such as MK-467, are currently under scrutiny in veterinary anaesthesia in an effort to antagonise the undesirable effects of α 2-adrenoceptor agonists without compromising on the level of sedation. This review examines the current literature on the α 2-adrenoceptor antagonists used in horses and makes recommendations on how to use these drugs safely in an attempt to prevent undesirable pharmacodynamic effects.

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Section: Reversal Of Undesirable Effects Of α2‐adrenoceptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 97%

“…However, the pharmacodynamic response is variable among horses which include transient (approximately 10 min) vocalisation, increased arousal and return to normoglycaemia after detomidine‐induced hyperglycaemia (DiMaio Knych et al . ).…”

Section: Reversal Of Undesirable Effects Of α2‐adrenoceptor Agonistsmentioning

confidence: 97%

A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha₂‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse

Zeiler

2014

Equine Veterinary Education

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“…Transmission time in AV node increased due to anaesthesia but PR intervals extended, which might be commented a temporary 1. degree of AV bloc. Horse subjected to detomidine injection had II degree of AV block (5). Differences obtained from this study might be due to dose of drugs and different animal species.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 64%

“…Recently the alpha-2 adrenoceptor antagonist (Atipamezole, yohimbine, talozoline) are widely used in veterinary practice. Atipamezole effectively antogised the depressant effect of alpha-2 agonists (1,5,18). In this study following AT injection at 10 min HR and RR values significantly increased.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Koyunlarda Detomidin-Butarfanol-Ketamin ve Atipamezol’ün Klinik, Kardiyorespiratorik, Hematolojik Parametreler Üzerine Etkileri

Atalan¹

2019

Erciyes Üniversitesi Veteriner Fakültesi Dergisi

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The aim of this study was to evaluate the sedative-anesthetic effects of detomidine (D) 30 µg/kg, intramuscular (IM), butorphanol (B) 0.2 mg/kg IM and ketamine (K) 5 mg/kg, IM combination in sheep. Five female and nine male healthy (1-2 years old) Akkaraman sheep were used as animal material. Detomidine and butorphanol were used to produce sedation. Ten minutes later K was administrated for anaesthesia. The anaesthetic effect of the drugs was reserved by atipamezole (AT) 30 µg/kg, IM administration at 30 minutes after K injection. The sedative effects of DB demerged in 3 minutes after injection and anaesthetic effects (by the lack of pain stimuli) were visible in 5 minutes after K injection. Heart rate, body temperature and amplitude P values significantly decreased until the administration of AT. Contrarily, respiratory rate, PR interval and R amplitude values increased during anesthesia. Partial venous oxygen pressure (PO 2) and Partial venous carbon dioxide pressure (PCO 2) values decreased during anaesthesia. There were no significant alterations seen for hematological parameters including hemoglobin (Hg), white blood cell (WBC), red blood cell (RBC) and hematocrit (Ht) values in sheep. As a result, BDK anaesthetic combination depresses the cardiorespiratoric system but produces adequate sedation and anaesthesia for sheep. AT can be safely used for this anaesthetic combination in sheep.

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“…In addition, tolazoline attenuated the detomidine-induced decrease in FFA concentration transiently [ 3 ]. All of these α-2 adrenoceptor antagonists reverse, at least partly, both the sedative and analgesic effects induced by α-2 adrenoceptor agonist [ 3 , 16 – 18 ], a feature which is often undesired.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Changes in energy metabolism, and levels of stress-related hormones and electrolytes in horses after intravenous administration of romifidine and the peripheral α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan

Pakkanen

Vries²,

Raekallio

et al. 2018

Acta Vet Scand

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BackgroundRomifidine, an α-2 adrenoceptor agonist, is a widely-used sedative in equine medicine. Besides the desired sedative and analgesic actions, α-2 adrenoceptor agonists have side effects like alterations of plasma concentrations of glucose and certain stress-related hormones and metabolites in various species. Vatinoxan (previously known as MK-467), in turn, is an antagonist of α-2 adrenoceptors. Because vatinoxan does not cross the blood brain barrier in significant amounts, it has only minor effect on sedation induced by α-2 adrenoceptor agonists. Previously, vatinoxan is shown to prevent the hyperglycaemia, increase of plasma lactate concentration and the decrease of insulin and non-esterified free fatty acids (FFAs) caused by α-2 adrenoceptor agonists in different species. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of intravenous romifidine and vatinoxan, alone and combined, on plasma concentrations of glucose and some stress-related hormones and metabolites in horses.ResultsPlasma glucose concentration differed between all intravenous treatments: romifidine (80 μg/kg; ROM), vatinoxan (200 μg/kg; V) and the combination of these (ROM + V). Glucose concentration was the highest after ROM and the lowest after V. Serum FFA concentration was higher after V than after ROM or ROM + V. The baseline serum concentration of insulin varied widely between the individual horses. No differences were detected in serum insulin, cortisol or plasma adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH) concentrations between the treatments. Plasma lactate, serum triglyceride or blood sodium and chloride concentrations did not differ from baseline or between the treatments. Compared with baseline, plasma glucose concentration increased after ROM and ROM + V, serum cortisol, FFA and base excess increased after all treatments and plasma ACTH concentration increased after V. Serum insulin concentration decreased after V and blood potassium decreased after all treatments.ConclusionsRomifidine induced hyperglycaemia, which vatinoxan partially prevented despite of the variations in baseline levels of serum insulin. The effects of romifidine and vatinoxan on the insulin concentration in horses need further investigation.

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Effect of yohimbine on detomidine induced changes in behavior, cardiac and blood parameters in the horse

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha₂‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse

A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha₂‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse

Koyunlarda Detomidin-Butarfanol-Ketamin ve Atipamezol’ün Klinik, Kardiyorespiratorik, Hematolojik Parametreler Üzerine Etkileri

Changes in energy metabolism, and levels of stress-related hormones and electrolytes in horses after intravenous administration of romifidine and the peripheral α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan

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Effect of yohimbine on detomidine induced changes in behavior, cardiac and blood parameters in the horse

Cited by 12 publications

References 17 publications

A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha2‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse

A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha2‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse

Koyunlarda Detomidin-Butarfanol-Ketamin ve Atipamezol’ün Klinik, Kardiyorespiratorik, Hematolojik Parametreler Üzerine Etkileri

Changes in energy metabolism, and levels of stress-related hormones and electrolytes in horses after intravenous administration of romifidine and the peripheral α-2 adrenoceptor antagonist vatinoxan

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A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha₂‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse

A review of clinical approaches to antagonism of alpha₂‐adrenoreceptor agonists in the horse