Hydrocracking of α-Cellulose Using Co, Ni, and Pd Supported on Mordenite Catalysts

Trisunaryanti, Wega; Triyono, Triyono; Armunanto, Ria; Hastuti, Lathifah Puji; Ristiana, Desinta Dwi; Ginting, Resi Vita

doi:10.22146/ijc.26491

Cited by 22 publications

(16 citation statements)

References 42 publications

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“…Ni metal is highly coordinated (has an ability to bind with ligand due to the arrangement of electron potential from unoccupied d-orbital), which has many low-energy orbitals and can act as a Lewis site. This result was in accordance with the result obtained by Trisunaryanti et al [14], that loading of Co, Ni, and Pd metals onto mordenite could increase the number of both Brønsted and Lewis acid sites. According to Naqvi et al [15], increasing acidity of catalysts can facilitate converting biomass into an organic compound with lower molecular weight.…”

Section: Characteristics Of Zeolite-related Catalystsupporting

confidence: 93%

Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

Wibowo¹,

Efiyanti²,

Pari³

2020

Indones. J. Chem.

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The world’s potency of fossil-derived petroleum fuels has declined steadily, while its consumption continues to rise ominously. Therefore, several countries have started to develop renewable fuels like bio-oil from biomass. Relevantly, the aim of this research was to explore the technical feasibility of upgrading the qualities of crude bio-oil (CBO) produced from the pyrolysis on oil-palm empty fruit bunches (OPEFB) using Ni/NZA catalyst in a batch reactor. The natural zeolite (NZ) was activated by HCL 6 N and NH4Cl (obtained sample NZA). Supporting Ni onto NZA was conducted with an impregnation method using a salt precursor of Ni(NO3)2·6H2O followed by calcination with a temperature of 500 °C. Catalyst characterization includes determining the site of TO4 (T = Si or Al) in zeolites, acidity, crystallinity, and catalyst morphology. Cracking reaction of CBO was carried out in batch reactor in varied temperatures of 250 and 300 °C with the variation of catalyst weight of 0, 4, 6, and 8% toward CBO. Several analyses of the liquid product such as product yield, specific gravity, pH, viscosity, calorific value, and chemical compound were conducted. The results showed that acidification and Ni loading on zeolite samples increased their acidity. The optimum CBO’s cracking condition was judged to be the temperature of 300 °C with 6% Ni/NZA catalyst use, whereby the fuel yield reached 26.42% and dominated by particular compounds comprising phenol, octanoic acid, and alkane hydrocarbons. Under such conditions, the characteristics of fuel were pH 3.54, specific gravity 0.995, viscosity 14.3 cSt, and calorific value 30.85 MJ/kg.

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Section: Characteristics Of Zeolite-related Catalystsupporting

confidence: 93%

Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

Wibowo¹,

Efiyanti²,

Pari³

2020

Indones. J. Chem.

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“…Due to these unpaired electrons, it is expected that higher activity during the hydrogenation of CNSL will be obtained. In previous research [12], hydrocracking of α-cellulose using Co/MOR catalyst obtained liquid product of 90.48 wt.% at 450 °C. However, the effect of metal concentration loaded in the pore of mordenite has not been discussed before.…”

Section: ■ Introductionmentioning

confidence: 94%

Coating of Pd and Co on Mordenite for a Catalyst of Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid into Biofuel

et al. 2020

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The catalytic activity of Co and Pd loaded on mordenite (MOR) was evaluated in the hydrotreatment of cashew nut shell liquid (CNSL) into biofuel. Metals were loaded into MOR as support via wet impregnation process. The Co content was varied as 2, 4, and 6 wt.% to produce Co(1)/MOR, Co(2)/MOR, Co(3)/MOR catalysts. The micro-mesoporous structure of the catalyst was confirmed by XRD, SEM, TEM, FTIR, and N2 adsorption-desorption measurement. AAS were used to analyze the amount of metal that is successfully loaded in the catalysts. Hydrotreating of the CNSL was conducted in a semi-batch reactor at 450 °C with hydrogen flow (20 mL/min) for 2 h. The liquid product was analyzed using GC-MS. The activity of Co/MOR was compared with the activity of Pd/MOR as a noble metal. The result of the hydrotreatment process showed a decrease of liquid product in the sequence of Co(3)/MOR > Co(2)/MOR > Pd/MOR > Co(1)/MOR > MOR. The Co(3)/MOR catalyst exhibited the highest conversion of liquid hydrocarbon than the others (61.8 wt.%), comprising predominantly by gasoline compounds with over 25.21 wt.% conversion.

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“…Modification of SZ with Cr has been proven to reduce coke formation, preventing the deactivation of the catalyst as discussed before. Catalytic hydrocracking proceeds through a carbonium ions mechanism [28]. Carbonium ions could be formed by the interaction of olefins with acidic sites.…”

Section: Catalyst Activity and Selectivitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Fuel Production from LDPE-based Plastic Waste over Chromium Supported on Sulfated Zirconia

2020

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The preparation, characterization, and catalytic activity test of sulfated zirconia (SZ) modified with chromium for the hydrocracking of LDPE-based plastic waste have been investigated. SZ was prepared by wet impregnation method using zirconia nanopowder (ZrO2) and H2SO4 solution. SZ was further modified with chromium (0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% wt.%) by refluxing in aqueous solution of Cr(NO3)3·9H2O, followed by calcination and reduction processes. The prepared catalysts were characterized by SEM-Mapping and TEM. Hydrocracking of LDPE-based plastic waste was conducted at various temperatures and various catalysts. In addition, the optimum catalyst was repeatedly used for the reaction to demonstrate the stability of the catalyst. Liquid products obtained by hydrocracking were characterized by GCMS. The results showed that the morphology of the prepared catalysts had different sizes and disordered shapes after the addition of sulfate and Cr. The effective temperature for hydrocracking was 250 °C. The highest selectivity to liquid product and gasoline fraction were 40.99 and 93.42 wt.%, respectively, and were obtained over Cr/SZ with 1.0 wt.% Cr. Hydrocracking of plastic waste over the used Cr/SZ catalyst with 1.0 wt.% Cr showed that the Cr/SZ catalyst was stable and reusable up to three repetitions.

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Hydrocracking of α-Cellulose Using Co, Ni, and Pd Supported on Mordenite Catalysts

Cited by 22 publications

References 42 publications

Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

Coating of Pd and Co on Mordenite for a Catalyst of Hydrotreating of Cashew Nut Shell Liquid into Biofuel

Fuel Production from LDPE-based Plastic Waste over Chromium Supported on Sulfated Zirconia

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