Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

Wibowo, Santiyo; Efiyanti, Lisna; Pari, Gustan

doi:10.22146/ijc.44076

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Palm empty fruit bunch are majorly used as boiler feed in PPs, and sometimes it is made into a compost and used for road hardening across the plantation. Wibowo, Efiyanti, & Pari., (2020) reported effort of upgrading crude bio-oil (CBO) obtained from pyrolysis of PEFB using Ni/NZA catalyst as a batch reactor. The results showed that the CBO was successfully thermal cracked, and yielded 26.42% fuel with 0.995 specific gravity and calorific value of 30.85 MJ/kg.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cr/C and Cr2O3/Z Catalysts on Hydrocracking of Bio Oil from Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Fanani

Hasanuddin²,

Rachmat³

et al. 2021

Molekul

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Bio-oil derived from palm empty fruit bunch is not suitable for fuel purpose due to high acidity and low heating. Cr2O3/Zeolite and Cr/C catalysts was developed to upgrade bio-oil through hydrocracking. The catalyst prepared via impregnation method followed by oxidation-reduction. Ammonia and pyridine adsorption used to evaluate acidity as well as crystallinity assessment by using XRD. Hydrocracking reaction conducted in hydrogen gas flow rates 0.5-3.0 L/min, the surface area of Cr/C catalyst found out 1,497.07-1,652.58 m2/g, whilst the temperatures 450 to 700 ℃ and the catalyst weights between 0.5 to 2.5 g. Acidity calculated from ammonia and pyridine adsorption shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has higher value compare to pristine Zeolite. XRD pattern shows Cr2O3/Zeolite has high crystallinity as indicated by sharp and pointed diffraction peaks. The optimum condition of hydrocracking confirmed by lower density of liquid product. The variables obtained by a separate experiments shows that H2 gas flow rate best at 2.5 L/min, temperature of hydrocracking 500 ℃ for Cr2O3/Zeolite and 600oC for Cr/C whereas weight of Cr2O3/Zeolite catalyst is 1.5 g. The Cr/C catalyst that gave low density product possess 1,554.48 m2/g surface area. GCMS data shows increase on the number of straight chain compounds within the hydrocracking product.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Comparison of Cr/C and Cr2O3/Z Catalysts on Hydrocracking of Bio Oil from Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Fanani

Hasanuddin²,

Rachmat³

et al. 2021

Molekul

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show abstract

“…By using a catalyst, the process of cracking palm oil will be easier than not using a catalyst and the cracking process can occur at temperatures lower than 450 °C. The optimum cracking temperature for crude bio-oil is 300 °C [15]. The furnace temperature must be higher than 300°C to heat up the reactor so that the raw bio-oil cracking process occurs.…”

Section: Literature Review and Problem Statementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Identification of combustion regularities of fuel mixtures from Azolla biomass, goat manure biochar and goat manure bio-oil for FCC furnace

Farhan

Siswantara

Auzani

et al. 2023

EEJET

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Fluid catalytic cracking (FCC) is a method of cracking vegetable oils into simpler fractions and green fuel oils. One component of the FCC system is the FCC furnace. The FCC furnace is where the combustion process occurs and provides high heat transfer throughout the FCC system, especially for heating the reactor. The reactor temperature is the catalyst cracking temperature. The cracking temperature of the catalyst depends on the feed oil used in the cracking process, such as crude palm oil at 450‒550 °C or crude bio-oil at 300 °C. The fuel for heating an FCC furnace is usually coal. To reduce coal, we use a mixture of Azolla microphylla biomass with biochar and bio-oil from goat manure. The aim of this study was to analyze the mixture of Azolla microphylla biomass with biochar and bio-oil from goat manure to obtain sufficient furnace temperature to heat the FCC reactor, perform analytical calculations to obtain the volume of flue gas formed from the combustion reaction. We conducted two experiments; the first experiment used a mixture of 1 kg of Goat Manure Biochar (GMBC) with 0.5 kg of Azolla microphylla and the second experiment used a mixture of one kg of GMBC with 0.5 kg of Azolla microphylla plus 300 ml of Goat Manure Bio-oil (GMBO). A fuel mixture of one kilogram GMBC with 0.5 kg Azolla is not effective in combustion because the maximum temperature in the furnace is 177 °C but the fuel mixture of one kg GMBC, 0.5 kg Azolla and 300 ml GMBO has a furnace temperature of 472.75 °C, which can heat the stripper up to 313.25 °C so that cracking can occur in the raw bio-oil. Analysis of combustion results showed an increase in total CO2 volume from experiment one and experiment two of 0.966

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“…Catalyst plays important role in a hydrocracking process. Noble metals as well as aluminosilicate minerals such as zeolite has been reported in catalytic hydrocracking [8][9][10]. Zeolite is widely used for this purpose because of it abundance and acid property that suited hydrocracking requirement [11].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimization of Bio-Oil Pyrolysis Product from Palm Empty Fruit Bunches over H-Zeolite Catalyst using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

Fanani

Rachmat

Hasanudin

et al. 2020

IJFAC

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Bio-oil pyrolysis product considered as a promising resource of hydrocarbon compound that can be used as alternative fuel or other application. Palm empty fruit bunch (PEFB) based bio-oil converted into hydrocarbon trough pyrolysis over sulfate activation natural zeolite. Here, we reported an optimization process of bio-oil pyrolysis specifically on temperature and catalyst dose variables by using response surface methodology (RSM). Prior conversion process, PEFB was analyzed to determine cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content. Sulfate activation natural zeolite confirmed its acidity by ammonia and pyridine adsorption calculated by gravimetric method. Two independent variables namely temperature and catalyst weight used in optimization process by RSM whereas response variable is conversion percentage. Analysis result on cellulose, hemicellulose and lignin content are 45.39%, 30.36% and 20.5% respectively. Catalyst acidity determination based on ammonia and pyridine adsorption gave 1.002 mmol/g and 0.1994 mmol/g. Optimum condition of hydrocracking achieved at 568 °C and 2.1088 g catalyst weight with the product obtained at 62.21% conversion. The best product density is 1.086 g/mL obtained at hydrocracking temperature 554 °C and 2.0362 g catalyst. Based on GC-MS analysis, it was confirmed that the product comprises more straight-chain hydrocarbon than cyclic one. RSM calculation able to formulate the feasible model equation to predict the conversion percentage. The equation is; percent conversion = 60.059 + 14.268T + 9.783W – 25.649T2 – 18.809W2 + 3.114TW, whereas model equation for response variable on product density; ρ= 1.09103 – 0.12356T – 0.09744W + 0.11489T2 + 0.28888W2 – 0.00740TW

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Catalytic and Thermal Cracking of Bio-Oil from Oil-Palm Empty Fruit Bunches, in Batch Reactor

Cited by 4 publications

References 23 publications

Comparison of Cr/C and Cr2O3/Z Catalysts on Hydrocracking of Bio Oil from Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Comparison of Cr/C and Cr2O3/Z Catalysts on Hydrocracking of Bio Oil from Pyrolysis of Palm Empty Fruit Bunches

Identification of combustion regularities of fuel mixtures from Azolla biomass, goat manure biochar and goat manure bio-oil for FCC furnace

Optimization of Bio-Oil Pyrolysis Product from Palm Empty Fruit Bunches over H-Zeolite Catalyst using Response Surface Methodology (RSM)

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