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AbstrakPembuatan arang aktif secara fisika-kimia dari tempurung nyamplung telah dilaksanakan dengan menggunakan 0%, 5% dan 10% H 3 PO 4 selama 60 dan 120 menit. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui karakteristik permukaan arang aktif tempurung biji nyamplung. Tempurung nyamplung diarangkan, kemudian direndam dalam larutan H 3 PO 4 pada konsentrasi 0%, 5%, dan 10% selama 24 jam. Selanjutnya diaktivasi dalam retort pada suhu 700 o C dan 800 o C selama 60 dan 120 menit. Karakteristik arang aktif tempurung nyamplung diuji menggunakan fourier transform infra red (FTIR), scaning electron microscope (SEM), and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Spektrum FTIR menunjukkan arang aktif yang dihasilkan memiliki pola serapan dengan jenis ikatan OH, C-H, C-O, dan C=C. Adanya ikatan OH dan C-O menunjukkan bahwa arang aktif yang dihasilkan cenderung bersifat lebih polar. Konsentrasi H 3 PO 4 berpengaruh terhadap tekstur pori yang terbentuk. Pada konsentrasi H 3 PO 4 rendah (5% atau 0%) akan dihasilkan lebih banyak pori yang berukuran kecil, <5 μ, sedangkan pada konsentrasi H 3 PO 4 10% dihasilkan pori yang lebih besar, >5 μ. AbstractCharacterization of Surface Active Shell Charcoal Nyamplung Seeds (Calophyllum inophyllum Linn). Chemical and physical activation of nyamplung shell with 0%, 5%, and 10% H 3 PO 4 for 60 and 120 minutes has been carried out to prepare activated charcoal. The purpose of this experiment was to look into the characteristic of nyamplung shell activated charcoal surface. Nyamplung shell was carbonized into charcoal, then activated by immersion in H 3 PO 4 solution using 0%, 5% and 10%, for 24 hours, and heated in retort at two temperatures (700 and 800 o C) and two duration (60 and 120 minutes). The material were characterized by fourier transform infra red (FTIR), scaning electron microscope (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). The FTIR spectrum show that activated charcoal has OH, C-H, C-O and C=C bonds. The bonds of OH and C-O indicated that the treatment was produced polar activated charcoal. The porous texture was influenced by H 3 PO 4 concentration. The porous with dimension <5 μ being predominant at low concentration of H 3 PO 4 (0% and 5%) but larger amount of H 3 PO 4 (10%) produced wide pore with dimension >5 μ.

Waluyo TK, Wibowo S. 2018. Dracorhodin: A potential marker compound for detecting the presence of dragon’s blood resin from Daemonorops originated from Indonesia. Biodiversitas 19: 1665-1671. Dragon's blood typifies as red-colored resin, which is presented by several plant genus, i.e., Dracaena, Daemonorops, Croton, and Pterocarpus. In Indonesia, dragon's blood is originated from Daemonorops which grows scattered in Sumatera and Kalimantan islands. Relevantly, this study was conducted to identify the specific compounds of dragon's blood originated from Indonesia's Daemonorops. Dragon's blood test samples were originated from 16 different towns in Indonesia, which are known as the center of dragon's blood-production. The samples were in powder and solid formation. The compounds of samples were analyzed using GC-MS instrument. Results revealed that dragon's blood in powder and solid formation were inherently similar. Dragon's blood powder was obtained from wet extraction, while dragon's blood solid from dry extraction. Results of chemical analysis on 16 dragon's blood samples disclosed that three compounds were frequently detected associated with dragon's blood presence. Dracorhodin compound was detected in 16 dragon's blood samples i.e 3,4-dihydro-5-methoxy-6-methyl-2-phenyl-2H-1-benzopyran-7-ol in 13 samples; and trendione in 9 samples. Accordingly, dracorhodin could serve as the most compound containing in dragon's blood originated from Indonesia's Daemonorops, which could be observed from 16 tested Daemonorops dragon's blood samples from several regions (towns) in Indonesia.

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Bio-oil is a dark-colored liquid fuels derived from biomass such as wood, bark and other biomass waste from forestry and forest products industry through pyrolysis technology. Bio-oil can be used in industries as a fuel for boilers or direct fuel for drying purposes such as fuel oil. The purpose of this study is to get information of production technology from sengon (L. Nielsen) sawdust using slow pyrolysis. the sawdust was heated with limited air at temperature 350-500 C in 30-60 minutes. The variables used in this study are temperature and duration of pyrolysis. The results showed that optimum bio-oil produced by treatment 500 C for 30 minutes, with the following characteristics; yields of liquid was 43.75% and bio-oil yields 7.95%, phenol 3.80, pH 2.84, specific gravity 1.116 g/cm , heating value 22.42 MJ/kg and flame power was medium power. Bio-oil produced by thisprocess predominantly composed of acetic acid and phenols. In addition, there are several components that include combustible fuel i.e. 2-propanone (CAS) acetone, benzene, 1,2,4 trimethylbenzene, and 2-Furanmethanol (furfuryl alcohol).

Research of liquid smoke from 3 species of bamboo has been conducted by using modified drum furnace. The purpose of this study is to determine the chemical components and other properties of liquid smoke. The results showed that the yield of liquid smoke 3 types of bamboo ranged from 5.00 to 24.00%, a pH of 2.70 to 3.36 has been standardized Japan; gravity of 0.99 to 1.03, acetic acid 31.37-83.59%, from 1.37 to 2.07% methanol and 0.56 to 1.24% total phenol. Acetic acid, methanol and total phenol liquid smoke test results of black bamboo has the highest value, followed by liquid smoke and spotted bamboo lowest in the liquid smoke bamboo betung.