While the methyl ester structure in biodiesel is responsible for lubrication improvement in base fuels with poor lubricity properties such as ultra-low sulfur diesel and non-upgraded HVO, relatively little is known about its effect on all-level blends, which would provide higher energy security for biodiesel utilization. In this study, binary blends of palm oil biodiesel (POB) with commercial petroleum diesel fuel (DF) and HVO at every 10%-v/v blend point were analyzed using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) according to the standard method of ASTM D6079. It was found that the addition of POB successfully improved the lubricating properties of DF-CN48 and DF-CN51 and efficiently acted as a lubricity improver that showed a minimum friction coefficient and improved the specific wear rate. The adsorption of ester molecules on the metallic surfaces acted as a protective layer during the rubbing process, resulting in lubricity improvement for the diesel fuel. Interestingly, the 60–90%-v/v POB blend with HVO showed a lubricity capacity that competed determinatively and attractively, resulting in a non-ideal contribution to the changes in the friction coefficient, WSD formation, and specific wear rate.
Gasoline-ethanol-methanol (GEM) blends have been considered to replace pure gasoline as spark ignition engine fuel. Their physical and chemical properties and performance and emission measurements from real engines have been reported previously. However, a fundamental study that can explain the unique results of GEM compared with those of pure gasoline is lacking. This study aims to compare the laminar burning velocity of GEM blends at different mixtures, equivalence ratios, temperatures, and pressures with that of pure gasoline. A laminar flame propagation model and reaction mechanisms from the literature were were for a numerical simulation. In this study, the chemical components of real gasoline are simplified using a binary surrogate mixture. Results show that the laminar burning velocity of the GEM increased with the increase in temperature, ethanol, and methanol concentration, and it decreased with the increase in pressure. Sensitive reactions to laminar burning velocity are presented through a sensitivity analysis.
AbstrakKajian Pemodelan Kinetika Kecepatan Pembakaran Laminar Campuran Bensin-Etanol-Metanol pada Temperatur dan Tekanan Tinggi. Campuran bensin-etanol-metanol (Gasoline-ethanol-methanol (GEM)) telah dipertimbangkan untuk menggantikan bensin murni sebagai bahan bakar mesin pemantik percikan. Sifat-sifat fisik dan kimianya dan pengukuran-pengukuran kinerja serta emisi dari mesin-mesin yang sesungguhnya telah dilaporkan sebelumnya. Namun demikian, suatu kajian yang mendasar yang dapat menerangkan hasil-hasil GEM yang unik dibandingkan dengan hasil-hasil bensin murni sedikit sekali. Kajian ini bertujuan untuk membandingkan kecepatan pembakaran laminar campuran GEM pada campuran, perbandingan kesetaraan, temperatur, dan tekanan yang berbedabeda dengan kecepatan pembakaran laminar bensin murni. Suatu model penyebaran nyala api laminar dan mekanisme reaksi dari literatur adalah untuk suatu simulasi numerik. Dalam kajian ini, komponen-komponen kimia bensin yang sesungguhnya disederhanakan dengan menggunakan suatu campuran pengganti biner. Hasil-hasilnya menunjukkan bahwa kecepatan pembakaran laminar GEM meningkat dengan kenaikan temperatur, konsentrasi etanol dan metanol, dan kecepatan pembakaran laminar berkurang dengan kenaikan tekanan. Reaksi-reaksi yang sensitif terhadap kecepatan pembakaran laminar ditampilkan melalui suatu analisis sensitivitas.
Autoxidation of real and surrogates kerosene was evaluated using PetroOXY method.• Ethanol addition decreases the induction period of real kerosene while increases that of surrogates.• Nine antioxidants were assessed to improve the thermal stability of ethanol.• A new method for modelling PetroOXY test is proposed.
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