While the methyl ester structure in biodiesel is responsible for lubrication improvement in base fuels with poor lubricity properties such as ultra-low sulfur diesel and non-upgraded HVO, relatively little is known about its effect on all-level blends, which would provide higher energy security for biodiesel utilization. In this study, binary blends of palm oil biodiesel (POB) with commercial petroleum diesel fuel (DF) and HVO at every 10%-v/v blend point were analyzed using a high-frequency reciprocating rig (HFRR) according to the standard method of ASTM D6079. It was found that the addition of POB successfully improved the lubricating properties of DF-CN48 and DF-CN51 and efficiently acted as a lubricity improver that showed a minimum friction coefficient and improved the specific wear rate. The adsorption of ester molecules on the metallic surfaces acted as a protective layer during the rubbing process, resulting in lubricity improvement for the diesel fuel. Interestingly, the 60–90%-v/v POB blend with HVO showed a lubricity capacity that competed determinatively and attractively, resulting in a non-ideal contribution to the changes in the friction coefficient, WSD formation, and specific wear rate.
Biodiesel has many advantages and technical aspects of being blended in any proportion with diesel fuel to support diversification energy policy. However, biodiesel absorbs more moisture than diesel fuel since methyl esters are hygroscopic compounds, and there is a limited amount of published information about water affinity properties. Water content can affect the fuel’s characteristics, reducing fuel quality if it accumulates into free, emulsion, or soluble water. This paper reports the water affinity properties of biodiesel, diesel fuel, and their blends through water saturation. It indicates a maximum water content value that the fuel can retain at a specific temperature and moisture absorption by controlled temperature and humidity. The results show that the pristine biodiesel has a water saturation range of (1366 to 1771) mg.kg-1 in the temperature range of (288.15 to 313.15) K. Therefore, diesel fuel has a maximum water saturation of 255 mg.kg-1 at a temperature of 313.15 K. The water saturation curve shows that biodiesel-diesel blends have a water saturation with a slope range of (12.20 to 15.11) mg.kg-1 water per 1%-vol biodiesel in diesel fuel blend in the temperature range (288.15 to 303.15) K. During eight days of observation on eight commercial biodiesels, the moisture absorption value was 1094 mg.kg-1 at a temperature of 298.15 K with a relative humidity of 90 %. It was also found that high moisture quickly affects the water content point in the storage period.
Cold-flow properties merupakan parameter kunci dalam menganalisis ketahanan bahan bakar pada temperatur rendah. Penelitian ini menyajikan analisis cold-flow properties, meliputi titik kabut dan cold filter plugging point (CFPP) dari bahan bakar campuran minyak solar-biodiesel. Analisis varians (ANOVA) dilakukan untuk mendapatkan signifikansi dari pengaruh rasio pencampuran minyak solar-biodiesel terhadap titik kabut dan CFPP bahan bakar. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan rasio pencampuran minyak solar-biodiesel berpengaruh signifikan terhadap titik kabut dan CFPP bahan bakar. Keragaman titik kabut dan CFPP dari basis Minyak Solar 48 dan Minyak Solar 51 dipengaruhi oleh rasio pencampuran biodeisel dengan nilai 96,7%. Hasil eksperimen menunjukkan cold-flow properties bahan bakar campuran minyak solar-biodiesel dapat diprediksi dengan menghubungkan temperatur awal titik kabut atau CFPP minyak solar murni, dengan rasio pencampuran melalui persamaan model matematika.
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