Hybrid ultrasound-activated nanoparticles based on graphene quantum dots for cancer treatment

Innovative approaches for cancer treatment: graphene quantum dots for photodynamic and photothermal therapies

“…4). 46 It is revealed in the literature that surface modification of GQDs (with some of the biocompatible molecules) and their combination with other types of PSs could improve their PDT effects. For example, Monroe and colleagues (2019) combined GQDs with methylene blue (MB) as the PDT agent to destroy bacteria and cancer cells by increasing the formation of reactive oxygen species.…”

Recent advances in photo‐responsive carbon dots for tumor therapy

“…In addition, type I PDT in CDs has attracted much attention and progress in recent years due to the independence of oxygen. [58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65] Wang et al reported that mitochondria-targeted RCDs synthesized by solvothermal method from Hypericum perforatum extract were used for type I and type II PDTs under 635 nm laser irradiation. Type I PDT produces superoxide anions associated with carbon cores, and C=O and pyridinium N on the surface contribute to the production of singlet oxygen for type II PDT, as shown in Figure 3a.…”

The fundamentals and applications of piezoelectric materials for tumor therapy: recent advances and outlook

“…The surface charge of a material regulates the cell membrane permeability or activates immune pathways to induce cell death, etc. [81][82][83] For example, Peng et al developed a piezoelectric single crystal ultrasonic transducer (mass 0.076 g) with a diameter of only 2.2 mm based on piezoelectric ceramics. The transducer based on the laminar flow model generated acoustic flow, and then promoted the release of drugs at specific locations in the GI tract through the generated acoustic waves combined with an endoscope.…”