Human Stem Cell Responses and Surface Characteristics of 3D Printing Co-Cr Dental Material

Abstract

Recently, the selective laser melting (SLM) method of manufacturing three dimensional (3D) dental prosthetics by applying a laser to metal powder has been widely used in the field of dentistry. This study investigated human adipose derived stem cell (hADSC) behavior on a 3D printed cobalt-chrome (Co-Cr) alloy and its surface characteristics and compared them those of a nickel-chrome (Ni-Cr) alloy. Alloys were divided into four groups according to the material and manufacturing methods. Co-Cr disks were manufactured with three different methods: a conventional casting method, a metal milling method, and an SLM method. Ni-Cr disks were manufactured with a conventional casting method. The surface roughness and compositions of the disks were assessed. hADSCs were then cultured on the disks. Cell morphologies on the disks were analyzed by a field emission scanning electron microscope (FE-SEM). Cell proliferation was assessed with a bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) assay kit. Cell viability was evaluated with a water-soluble tetrazolium salt (WST) assay kit. There were no differences in surface roughness between all groups. The cells were well attached to the disks, and morphologies of the cells were similar. The cell proliferation and viability of the Ni-Cr disks were significantly lower than the other groups. However, the Co-Cr disks showed no differences in their different fabricating methods. In conclusion, the biocompatibility of 3D printed Co-Cr alloys showed comparable results compared to that of the conventional casting method, and these alloys were more biocompatible than Ni-Cr alloys.

Interlayer Adhesion Analysis of 3D-Printed Continuous Carbon Fibre-Reinforced Composites

“…On the other hand, the unlimited freedom in geometrical shapes and complexity of printed objects allows these technologies to compete with reasonably, or even overtake, traditional ones [4]. For a long time, the development and wider use of AM technologies have been limited by the poor selection of printing materials, which were mostly polymers; however, currently, it can be used for a very wide range of materials from thermoplastics to metals [5,6], ceramics [7][8][9], and biocompatible [10] or composite materials [11,12]. Composite materials, especially reinforced materials using continuous carbon fibre, have been recently introduced to additive manufacturing.…”

Applications of 3D printed bone tissue engineering scaffolds in the stem cell field

“…scaffolds with controllable drug release [ 75 ]). 3D printing technology can print highly accurate and complex internal and external structures that adapt to mechanical and biological surface characteristics [ 76 ], thus enabling the preparation of customized, patient-specific implants that are highly suitable for tissue and organ defects, as well as disease simulation platforms [ 77 ] and stem cell research platforms [ 78 ].…”

Osseointegration Improvement of Co-Cr-Mo Alloy Produced by Additive Manufacturing

“…Ganbold et al [ 68 ] evaluated the viability of cell culture in 3D-printed Co-Cr alloys and manufactured using the selective laser fusion method (SLM) and had good results from these alloys comparable to those of the conventional casting method. This proves that not only the ionic constitution, but also the manufacturing method of the metal alloys, are directly related to the interaction of the implant with the recipient tissue.…”