Human Nasal Passage Particle Deposition: The Effect of Particle Size, Flow Rate, and Anatomical Factors

Modelling inhaled particle deposition in the human lung—A review

“…For example, Cheng et al (1996) and Cheng (2003) expressed the deposition efficiencies for nasal and oral inhalation and exhalation for two size regimes as a function of Stokes number (for large particles) and the product of diffusion coefficient D and flow rate Q (for small particles). Other semi-empirical equations, based on different sets of experimental data, were reported by Kesavanathan and Swift (1998), Grgic et al (2004), and Garcia et al (2009).…”

“…Semi-empirical equations were derived either from measurements in human subjects or in nasal and oral casts (e.g. Cheng, 2003;Cheng et al, 1996;Kesavanathan & Swift, 1998;Stahlhofen et al, 1989;ICRP, 1994;NCRP, 1997;Subramaniam et al, 2003). For example, nasal depositions predicted by the different models are shown in Fig.…”

Intranasal Deposition of Accuspray™ Aerosol in Anatomically Correct Models of 2-, 5-, and 12-Year-Old Children

“…While average differences in nasal shape by ethnic group were observed, it was nostril shape, and not ethnicity, that best predicted the delivered dose. (36,37) Nasal passage characteristics, such as nasal resistance and minimum cross-sectional area, contributed to total deposition, but not to anterior deposition. The authors also point out that nostril ellipticity cannot be approximated by traditional demographic factors such as age, gender or racial group.…”

“…Kesavanathan et al (36,37) examined the role of ethnicity on the fraction of particles delivered to the entire nasal passage in a group of healthy subjects. Their results indicated that nasal ellipticity (expressed as E, the length to width ratio) increased total nasal deposition as well as anterior nasal deposition.…”

Experimental measurements and computational modeling of aerosol deposition in the Carleton-Civic standardized human nasal cavity

“…Experimental measurements of the deposition efficiency in the airway passages have been performed in vitro (using replicas) and in vivo. The principle of in vivo determination of nasal particle deposition is measurement of the aerosol concentration before it enters the nasal cavity and after it leaves the mouth Heyder & Rudolf, 1977;Hounam, Black, & Walsh, 1969;Kesavanathan & Swift, 1998;Pattle, 1961;Stahlhofen, Rudolf, & James, 1989;Swift & Strong, 1996). Cheng (2003) summarized and analyzed all in vivo data in human volunteers by Landahl and Black (1947), Pattle (1961), Hounam et al (1969), Giacomelli-Maltoni, Melandri, Prodis, and Tarroni (1972), Heyder and Rudolf (1977) and concluded that the deposition data can be reasonably correlated using the following equation…”