Experimental measurements and computational modeling of aerosol deposition in the Carleton-Civic standardized human nasal cavity

In-Vivo Measurements of Micrometer-Sized Particle Deposition in the Nasal Cavities of Taiwanese Adults

“…Since inhalation of airborne particles decreases with the increasing particle sizes, the particle concentration measured in the exposure chamber is not necessarily identical to that which is inhaled into the nose. When deposition measurements are conducted in an exposure chamber, as is shown in the current study, 100% of inhalation efficiency does not hold as in the experimental setup where particles were drawn directly into the nasal replica (Kelly et al 2004;Liu et al 2010). Therefore, this study suggests that the inhalation efficiency should be taken into account when deposition measurements, either in vitro or in vivo, are conducted in exposure chambers.…”

“…Numerous studies on the removal efficiency of inhaled particles in the nasal region have been performed in the past decades, by using either replicate casts or human volunteers (Hounam et al 1969;Lippman 1977;Stahlhofen et al 1989;Cheng et al 1991;Swift 1991;Zwartz and Guilmette 2001;Häußermann et al 2002;Moskal et al 2006;Storey-Bishoff et al 2008;Garcia et al 2009;Liu et al 2010). Many empirical equations were also developed to characterize the deposition efficiency in this region (Pattle 1961;Cheng 2003;Kelly et al 2004;Kim and Hu 2006).…”

Influence of Mesh Density on Airflow and Particle Deposition in Sinonasal Airway Modeling

“…(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)18) In situations where particle transport was simulated (Table 1), the mesh structure utilized varied; some authors utilized unstructured tetrahedral meshes, (4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)(12)(13)19,20) whereas other investigators used a hybrid of tetrahedral and prism meshes. (1)(2)(3)(14)(15)(16)(17)(18)21,22) The inclusion of prism boundary layers increases mesh density near airway walls and is generally considered to provide more accurate near-wall particle trajectory calculations.…”

In vitro deposition measurement of inhaled micrometer-sized particles in extrathoracic airways of children and adolescents during nose breathing

“…Despite numerous in vivo (Bennett & Zeman, 2005;Giacomelli-Maltoni et al, 1972;Heyder & Rudolf, 1977;Heyder et al, 1986;Hounam et al, 1969;Hounam et al, 1971;Keck et al, 2000;Landahl & Black, 1947;Landahl & Tracewell, 1949;Lippmann, 1970;Pattle, 1961;Rasmussen et al, 1990Rasmussen et al, , 2000Wiesmiller et al, 2003), in vitro (Dai et al, 2007;Garcia, 2009;Guilmette et al, 1994;Itoh et al, 1985;Kelly et al, 2004;Kelly et al, 2005;Swift, 1991;Swift & Kesavanathan, 1996;Yeh et al, 1997;Zwartz & Guilmette, 2001), computational fluid dynamics (CFD) (Kimbell, 2006;Liu, Matida, Gu, & Johnson, 2007;Liu et al, 2009;Liu et al, 2010;Shi et al, 2007;Wang et al, 2009), and theoretical modeling (Cheng et al, 1991;Scott et al, 1978;Yu et al, 1981) studies on deposition of micrometer-sized particles that give correlations including airway dimensions and flow patterns to predict deposition of micrometer-sized particles in nasal airways of adults, only a few studies have focused on children. Two studies involving children (Becquemin et al, 1991;Bennett et al, 2008) (one for 5.5-15 year olds and the other for 6-10 year olds) included only a few monodisperse particle sizes and we are not aware of any empirical nasal correlation including geometry and breathing pattern of children based on the measured deposition data.…”