Human bocavirus 1 and 3 infection in children with acute gastroenteritis in Brazil

Abstract

To determine the positivity rate of human bocavirus (HBoV) 1 and 3 among children who presented with acute gastroenteritis symptoms during the period of 1994-2004 in the Central-West Region of Brazil, 762 faecal samples were tested using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) for the detection of HBoV DNA. Primers for a segment of the non-structural viral protein 1 (NS1) gene of HBoV-1 and HBoV-3 were used. Twelve HBoV-positive samples were further characterised via genomic sequencing and phylogenetic analysis. Of the samples tested, 5.8% (n = 44) were positive for HBoV-1 or HBoV-3 and co-infection was observed in 14 (31.8%) of the 44 HBoV-positive samples. Nine of the 14 samples were also positive for Rotavirus A and five were positive for Aichi virus. The genomic sequencing of the NS1 partial sequence of 12 HBoV-samples showed that 11 samples were characterised as HBoV-1 and that one was characterised as HBoV-3. The phylogenetic analysis showed that the HBoV-1 samples had a high sequence homology to others previously identified in China, Sweden and Brazil. This is the first study conducted in the Central-West Region of Brazil to detect HBoV-1 and HBoV-3 in faecal samples from children with acute gastroenteritis. Further studies are required to define the role of HBoVs as aetiological agents of gastroenteritis

Prevalence of rotavirus and human bocavirus in immunosuppressed individuals after renal transplantation in the Northern Region of Brazil

“…Different findings were described in Russia, where HBoV‐1 was reported in 38.7% of specimens and HBoV‐3 in 1.6% . In Center‐West region of Brazil, the detection frequency of HBoV‐1 was higher (91.7%), compared to HBoV‐3 (8.3%) . Many investigations have reported that HBoV‐2 is predominantly found in stool samples, otherwise this genotype was not detected in the present study, likewise, HBoV‐4 which is lower was not detected when compared with other genotypes worldwide …”

“…38 In Center-West region of Brazil, the detection frequency of HBoV-1 was higher (91.7%), compared to HBoV-3 (8.3%). 39 Many investigations have reported that HBoV-2 is predominantly found in F I G U R E 2 Alignment of the deduced amino acid sequences of VP7 and VP8* genes of RVA isolated compared with vaccine strains (Rotarix and RotaTeq) stool samples, otherwise this genotype was not detected in the present study, likewise, HBoV-4 which is lower was not detected when compared with other genotypes worldwide. 19,33,[40][41][42] In this study, a coinfection frequency of 4% (5/126) was observed among the samples tested, a similar result to that reported in Brazil among children with immunodeficiency, in the city of Rio de Janeiro (1.5%).…”

Human bocavirus in acute gastroenteritis in children in Brazil

“…Among the viral etiology agents, the HBoV has been recently discovered to cause gastroenteritis. Thus far, few studies have been conducted related to the occurrence of gastrointestinal HBoV infection in Brazilian children [Albuquerque et al, 2007;Souza et al, 2012]. In this study, HBoV detection rate (42%) in children with gastroenteritis was higher than that previously reported in Brazil [Souza et al, 2012].…”

“…Unlike the other studies conducted in Brazil, the identification of multiple species (HBoV-1, HBoV-2, HBoV-3, and HBoV-4) from a pan-bocavirus PCR primer in the screening test would be widely beneficial [Kapoor et al, 2009]. This study identified two species, HBoV-1 and HBoV-2A, and to date, HBoV-2A occurrence has not been reported in Brazil [Silva et al, 2010;Souza et al, 2012].…”

Epidemiology characteristics of respiratory viruses found in children and adults with respiratory tract infections in southern China

“…The virus has also been found in stool specimens from patients with gastrointestinal illness. 38,39 Therefore, additional evidence and studies are needed throughout the world to gain a better understanding of this virus.…”