Household Biogas Digesters—A Review

Abstract

This review is a summary of different aspects of the design and operation of small-scale, household, biogas digesters. It covers different digester designs and materials used for construction, important operating parameters such as pH, temperature, substrate, and loading rate, applications of the biogas, the government policies concerning the use of household digesters, and the social and environmental effects of the digesters. Biogas is a value-added product of anaerobic digestion of organic compounds. Biogas production depends on different factors including: pH, temperature, substrate, loading rate, hydraulic retention time (HRT), C/N ratio, and mixing. Household digesters are cheap, easy to handle, and reduce the amount of organic household waste. The size of these digesters varies between 1 and 150 m 3 . The common designs include fixed dome, floating drum, and plug flow type. Biogas and fertilizer obtained at the end of anaerobic digestion could be used for cooking, lighting, and electricity.

Bioconversion of Egypt's Agricultural Wastes into Biogas and Compost

“…The calorific value of methane is 21-24 MJ/ m 3 , or about 6 kWh/m 3 of heat or 2 kW/m 3 electricity and the rest is heat, which is often used for cooking, heating, lighting, or electricity generation [45]. The energy content of 1.0 m 3 of purified biogas is equal to 1.1 L of gasoline, 1.7 L of bio-ethanol, or 0.97 m 3 of NG [46]. Digestate is the end product of digested material from a biogas plant rich in nitrogen (N), phosphorus (P), and potassium (K) in available form that can replace inorganic fertilizers after curing it aerobically, and afterwards screening it for any undesirable materials for quality improvement [47].…”

Peluang Pengembangan Biogas Di Sentra Sapi Perah

“…Biogas merupakan salah satu jenis energi yang dapat digunakan ditinjau dari aspek teknis, sosial, maupun ekonomi, terutama untuk memenuhi kebutuhan energi di pedesaan (Rustijarno 2009;Rajendran et al 2012;Orskov et al 2014). Pemanfaatan energi biogas memberikan beberapa keuntungan, yaitu mengurangi bau kotoran ternak yang tidak sedap, mencegah penyebaran penyakit, mengurangi efek gas rumah kaca, menghasilkan panas dan daya mekanis/listrik, serta memberikan hasil samping berupa pupuk padat dan cair (Borges de Oliveira et al 2011;Orskov et al 2014;Insam et al 2015).…”

“…Namun, Herriyanti (2015) menyatakan digester fiber glass mudah dideteksi bila ada kebocoran, daya tahan kuat, dan dapat dipindahkan. Menurut Rajendran et al (2012), digester kubah banyak berkembang di China, sedangkan digester silinder banyak diadopsi di India.…”

“…Gas yang dihasilkan sangat baik untuk pembakaran karena mampu menghasilkan panas yang cukup tinggi, apinya berwarna biru, tidak berbau, dan tidak berasap (Rustijarno 2009). Limbah pembuatan biogas yang berupa cairan ataupun padatan dapat digunakan sebagai pupuk organik (Rajendran et al 2012). Pupuk organik dari limbah biogas memiliki kandungan N total, amonium, dan pH lebih tinggi daripada limbah pertanian yang dikomposkan, sedangkan rasio C/N menurun dari 10,7 menjadi 7 sehingga memiliki kualitas yang baik (Insam et al 2015).…”

Uncertainty over techno-economic potentials of biogas from municipal solid waste (MSW): A case study on an industrial process

“…[5,6] According to International Energy Agency, about 970 plants are in operation for municipal solid waste and industrial waste together in Europe. [7] Very few plants produce methane for vehicle fuel as compressed biogas (CBG); on the contrary, most of the plants produce power or combined heat and power (CHP) from biogas.…”