Hot-Casting Large-Grain Perovskite Film for Efficient Solar Cells: Film Formation and Device Performance

Abstract

Organic–inorganic metal halide perovskite solar cells (PSCs) have recently been considered as one of the most competitive contenders to commercial silicon solar cells in the photovoltaic field. The deposition process of a perovskite film is one of the most critical factors affecting the quality of the film formation and the photovoltaic performance. A hot-casting technique has been widely implemented to deposit high-quality perovskite films with large grain size, uniform thickness, and preferred crystalline orientation. In this review, we first review the classical nucleation and crystal growth theory and discuss those factors affecting the hot-casted perovskite film formation. Meanwhile, the effects of the deposition parameters such as temperature, thermal annealing, precursor chemistry, and atmosphere on the preparation of high-quality perovskite films and high-efficiency PSC devices are comprehensively discussed. The excellent stability of hot-casted perovskite films and integration with scalable deposition technology are conducive to the commercialization of PSCs. Finally, some open questions and future perspectives on the maturity of this technology toward the upscaling deposition of perovskite film for related optoelectronic devices are presented.

Large‐Area Blade‐Coated Solar Cells: Advances and Perspectives

“…Chemical methods include solvent and/or additive engineering, and so on. [87][88][89][90] The corresponding performances of PSCs prepared by the scalable blade-coating method are summarized in Table 2.…”

Dual‐function interface engineering for efficient perovskite solar cells

“…7 In such PSCs, there exist plenty of defects on the surface of the perovskite film, which can cause serious carrier recombination and thus results in energy loss. [8][9][10] The defects can also induce severe perovskite/ Spiro-OMeTAD interface instability, and hence leads to rapid device degradation during storage or under operation. 11,12 A series of different materials, including PbI 2 , alkylammonium halogen salts, wide-bandgap inorganic oxides and lewis acid/bases, have been introduced to passivate the surface defects of the perovskite film.…”

“…In the standard architecture of the planar PSCs (ITO/ETL/perovskite/HTL/Au), the most widely used HTL (ETL) is Spiro‐OMeTAD (SnO 2 ) 7 . In such PSCs, there exist plenty of defects on the surface of the perovskite film, which can cause serious carrier recombination and thus results in energy loss 8‐10 . The defects can also induce severe perovskite/Spiro‐OMeTAD interface instability, and hence leads to rapid device degradation during storage or under operation 11,12 …”

Manipulating Perovskite Precursor Solidification toward 21% Pristine MAPbI3 Solar Cells

“…There are several crystallization control methods including hot‐casting technique, [ 6,8–11 ] solvent engineering, [ 12–15 ] antisolvent method, and so on. [ 16–20 ]…”

“…However, the thermal annealing process governs the crystallization process, starting from the nucleus of the as‐prepared perovskite film. [ 16 ] Nie et al first reported the strong correlation between the substrate temperature and device performance during the hot‐casting process. They demonstrated that high substrate temperature could promote the crystal growth and significantly improve charge mobility by reducing the grain boundaries and the defect density.…”