Histopathological evaluation of carcinoma of breast

Abstract

Background: Carcinoma of breast has become the major public health problem among females in developing as well as developed countries. In Nepal it comprises 6% of total cancers cases and often diagnosed at advanced stage. Surgical removal or modiied radical mastectomy (MRM) is the most commonly used tools for disease management. The objective of this study is to identify the clinical, macroscopic and microscopic features of MRM specimens. Materials and Methods:This prospective cross-sectional study was carried out at Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal. Macroscopic and microscopic examination provided the tumor size, stage, grade, lymph node status, lympho-vascular invasion and perineural invasion. Data were collected and analyzed using SPSS 16. Results:The study comprised 112 breast cancer patients of which 109 (97.3%) were females and 3 (2.7%) were males. Invasive ductal carcinoma no speciic type was the most common type of breast carcinoma. (84 cases) accounting 75% of total cases. Carcinoma with medullary features was second most common (6 cases) comprising 5.4% cases followed by lobular, papillary, apocrine, mucinous and NST mixed types. Grade II tumors were most frequent grade observed in 76.79% cases followed by Grade I (12.50%) and Grade III (10.71%). Conclusion:As a conclusion invasive ductal carcinoma was the most common histological type breast cancer and the tumors were found at T2 and N3 stage i.e maximum at grade II. Our study provides prognostic signiicance of histo-pathological information in breast cancer management. ABSTRACT INTRODUCTIONBreast cancer is the most frequently occurring cancer among women in the developed as well as developing Pathak R 1 , Jha A 2 , Neupane PR 3 , Chalise S 2 , Basnyat AS 2 1 Department of Pathology, Nepal Medical college Teaching Hospital, Jorpati Kathmandu, Nepal. 2 Department of Pathology, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal 3 Department of Surgery, Bhaktapur Cancer Hospital, Bhaktapur, Nepal. countries and it has become the major public health problem worldwide with nearly 1.7 million newly diagnosed cases in 2012 representing 25% of all female cancers. 1,2 Among Nepalese women, breast cancer is the second most common type of cancer accounting 6% of total cancers in Nepal. 3 In Nepal, more than one quarter of the breast cancer is diagnosed in young female and many being diagnosed at an advanced stage with tumors showing more aggressive

A Retrospective Analysis of Breast Cancer at BPKMCH, Nepal

“…Similarly Chavan, R et al, encountered maximum breast cancer in the agegroup 40-50 years (38% ). 7 Shrestha JS et al did study, among 3270 total cancer patients, among them 5.59% (183 patients) had breast cancer. Age range 40 to 49 was the most affected age group comparable to WHO data on the Nepal breast cancer status.…”

“…Which is comparable to the study carried by Chavan, R., & Prasad A, in which they found out of 150 patients, 55% cases were diagnosed with Nottingham grading system grade II of breast cancer. 7 According to our study most common histological type was invasive ductal carcinoma NST 182 ( 88.9%) cases, followed by malignant phylloides tumour 5 (2.4% ) cases, invasive lobular carcinoma 4 (1.9%) cases, medullary carcinoma 4 (1.9%) cases, squamous cell carcinoma 4 (1.9%) cases, Paget's disease of nipple with ductal carcinoma in situ 3 ( 1.4% ) cases, mucinous carcinoma 2 ( 0.9% ) cases, invasive papillary carcinoma 1 ( 0.5% ) case respectively. Similarly, 58.9% cases were at T2 stage, 17.8% cases were at T3 stage, 12.4% cases were at T4 stage and 10.9% cases were at T1 stage.…”

A clinicopathological study of non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions of breast in rural hospital

“…In our study the proportion of male affected is two percent (three cases). Proportion of male cases in various studies ranged from 2.7% to 3.7% [5,6,7] . The proportion of female affected is 98% in this study while in various studies, it is ranged from 96.3% to 97.3% [5,6,7] .…”

“…Proportion of male cases in various studies ranged from 2.7% to 3.7% [5,6,7] . The proportion of female affected is 98% in this study while in various studies, it is ranged from 96.3% to 97.3% [5,6,7] . Thus, diseases of breast are more common in females than males.…”

Elucidative Histopathological Study in Female Cancer Patients

“…Epidemiological studies focusing on histopathology provide an insight on the molecular mechanisms of the disease from a population perspective. Major insights into the causes of cancer can be obtained by epidemiological studies that can relate to particular environmental, hereditary and cultural influences on occurrence of specific neoplasms [2]. The epithelial elements of tumour are used for grading and they are based on three histological factors; First, degree of: structural differentiation as shown by the presence of tubular arrangement of the cells.…”