Highly porous 3D nanofibrous scaffolds processed with an electrospinning/laser process

Laser-treated electrospun fibers loaded with nano-hydroxyapatite for bone tissue engineering

“…The grafting of collagen and chondroitin sulphate on modified surface PCL porous scaffolds synthesized by particulate leaching significantly increased the in vitro proliferation of murine chondrocytes four weeks after seeding though porosity was not altered (Chang et al, 2010) while chemically cross-linked PCL and HAn nanoparticles used to fabricate nanocomposite scaffolds loaded with the growth factor BMP-2 also showed very good cytocompatibility in a rabbit bone marrow stem cells in vitro model (Liu et al, 2014), supporting PCL suitability as biomedical material. In addition, the fabrication of PCL scaffolds treated with a femtosecond laser to create pores, and therefore to modify the scaffold surface and porosity, has shown enhanced cellular activities compared to those scaffolds with the same pore size and not treated with laser (Kim et al, 2014), indicating that laser treatment may significantly improve the potential of these types of scaffolds in bone regeneration as our study shows.…”

“…Though it is controversy regarding the "ideal" size pore for biomedical applications, in osteoregeneration most authors have pointed to 100-400 µm as recommended to facilitate cell adhesion and growth (Roosa et al, 2010). However, smaller pores are able to increase scaffolds surface and lead to higher cell attachment while larger pores facilitate cell migration (Kim et al, 2014). Our results showed that laser pulse on PCL-HAn/PVAc scaffolds implied the formation of micropores of 50-90 µm while on PCL-HAn/PCL were slightly larger (70-120 µm).…”

Three‐dimensional electrospun nanofibrous scaffolds for bone tissue engineering

“…The 3D structured scaffolds consist of perpendicular micro‐strands and a thin nanofiber web in successive layers. In their follow‐up studies, natural polymers such as Type I collagen and sodium alginate were introduced into the 3D printed micro‐structure and eletrospun nano‐structure to improve the hydrophilicity and biocompatibility of the scaffolds (Ahn, Koh, & Kim, ; Kim et al, ; Kim & Kim, ; Kim & Kim, ; Lee et al, ). β‐tricalcium phosphate (β‐TCP) was also added to promote the osteogenesis of the seeded cells (Kim & Kim, ).…”

Biomimetic implants for pelvic floor repair

“…Various studies showed that electrospun matrices can be integrated by the surrounding tissue in vivo, as new capillaries can grow into the scaffolds . Electrospun PLA scaffolds were entirely integrated only 7 days post‐implantation in rats .…”

“…Various studies showed that electrospun matrices can be integrated by the surrounding tissue in vivo, as new capillaries can grow into the scaffolds. 86,105,112,133,134 Electrospun PLA scaffolds were entirely integrated only 7 days postimplantation in rats. 106 Electrospun PLLA/PCL implants were found fully integrated with the surrounding bladder tissue in a canine model after 3 months.…”