High‐pressure three‐phase fluidization: Hydrodynamics and heat transfer

Luo, Xukun; Jiang, Peng; Fan, Liang‐Shih

doi:10.1002/aic.690431007

Cited by 62 publications

(66 citation statements)

References 32 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Both columns can be operated up to 22 MPa. The details of the high-pressure columns were given in Luo et al (1997). The schematic of the experimental setup is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The transition velocities from the homogeneous bubbling flow to the churn-turbulent flow indicated in Fig. 4-4 are identified based on the drift-flux model (Luo et al, 1997). For gas-liquid flows, the drift flux of gas is defined as the volumetric flux of the gas phase relative to a surface moving at the average velocity of gasliquid systems.…”

Section: Effect Of Flow Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

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Engineering Development of Slurry Bubble Column Reactor (Sbcr) Technology

Toseland¹

2002

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Project ObjectivesThe major technical objectives of this program are threefold: 1) to develop the design tools and a fundamental understanding of the fluid dynamics of a slurry bubble column reactor to maximize reactor productivity, 2) to develop the mathematical reactor design models and gain an understanding of the hydrodynamic fundamentals under industrially relevant process conditions, and 3) to develop an understanding of the hydrodynamics and their interaction with the chemistries occurring in the bubble column reactor. Successful completion of these objectives will permit more efficient usage of the reactor column and tighter design criteria, increase overall reactor efficiency, and ensure a design that leads to stable reactor behavior when scaling up to large diameter reactors. AbstractThis report summarizes the results of a Department of Energy-funded study on slurry bubble column reactors (SBCR). Alternate fuels projects need high reactor throughput for competitive economics so that reactors must operate in the churn-turbulent region of flow. Little data in this flow regime, especially at the conditions of high pressure and temperature for organic fluids found in an industrial reactor, existed at the inception of this project. This report summarizes the large body of fundamental data that was developed on these flows. It covers both the local liquid turbulence and large-scale liquid internal circulation aspects of flow in the SBCR. Where understood, the underlying mechanisms, which result in the macro-scale phenomena, are elucidated and modeled. Finally, new models for reactor design are also presented. Executive SummaryThe state of the art in design and modeling of bubble columns before the initiation of this project relied solely on the use of ideal flow patterns (e.g., perfectly mixed liquid and plug flow of gas) or on the use of the axial dispersion model (ADM). The use of ideal flow patterns can lead to serious over design, and the uncertainty in the values of the axial dispersion coefficients precludes a more accurate design based on the ADM. Since these models represent crude descriptions of the flow pattern in bubble columns and do not account for input from the fluid dynamics of the system, the scaleup of SCBR has been uncertain.The need for rapid scaleup and optimal commercialization for gas conversion processes necessitated an improved understanding and quantification of fluid dynamics and transport in slurry bubble column reactors. This report presents the results of an extensive experimental and theoretical program on SBCR.This program was conducted by a team comprising Air Products (APCI), Washington University in St. Louis (WU), The Ohio State University (OSU), Iowa State University (ISU) and Sandia National Laboratory (SNL). SNL participated as an active team member, but was supported by separate DOE funds; therefore, SNL's work will not be reported here.Bubble columns are complex. The complexity can be simplified in breaking up the phenomena occurring in bubble columns according to sc...

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“…Both columns can be operated up to 22 MPa. The details of the high-pressure columns were given in Luo et al (1997). The schematic of the experimental setup is shown in Fig.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Effect Of Flow Regimementioning

confidence: 99%

Engineering Development of Slurry Bubble Column Reactor (Sbcr) Technology

Toseland¹

2002

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“…The reduction of the bubble rise velocity with an increase in pressure can lead to a significant increase in the gas holdup of three-phase fluidized beds. The extent of the increase in gas holdup was reported to be around 100% at all gas velocities when the pressure is increased from 0.1 to 15.6 MPa (Luo et al, 1997a). By comparing the pressure effect on the gas holdup with that on the bubble rise velocity, the increase in gas holdup with pressure is a consequence of the decreases in both the bubble size and the bubble rise velocity.…”

Section: In Liquidsmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…Most of these studies pointed out a critical role played by the liquid-phase turbulence during the regime transition, and employed phenomenological models to predict the flow transition from the homogeneous regime to the heterogeneous regime. The effect of the operating pressure on the regime transition has been examined by many researchers in bubble columns (Tarmy et al, 1984;Clark, 1990;Krishna et al, 1991Krishna et al, , 1994Hoefsloot and Krishna, 1993;Letzel et al, 1997;Lin et al, 1999b), in three-phase fluidized beds (Luo et al, 1997a), and in slurry bubble columns (Clark, 1990). Letzel et al (1997) studied the influence of pressure on the stability of bubbly flows in a bubble column with the nitrogen-water system by using the stability theory of Batchelor (1988) and Lammers and Biesheuvel (1996).…”

Section: Flow Regime Transitionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Three-Phase Slurry Bubble Column Reactors(sbcr)

Al‐Dahhan¹,

Fan²,

Duduković³

2003

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The objectives set for this cooperative project between Washington University (WU), Ohio State University (OSU), and Air Products and Chemicals, Inc. (APCI) to advance the understanding of the Fischer-Tropsch (FT) slurry bubble column reactor hydrodynamics for proper design and scale-up via advanced diagnostic techniques have been accomplished successfully despite the unexpected challenging technical difficulties in implementing the advanced techniques in high pressure stainless steel slurry bubble column.In this work, a detailed review of the aspects of high pressure phenomena of bubbles in liquids and liquid-solids suspension was performed. All the challenging technical problems mentioned above were resolved and the advanced measurement techniques were successfully used in this project. The effects of reactor pressure, superficial gas velocity, solids loading, and liquid physical properties on the overall gas holdup, holdups distribution, recirculation velocity, turbulent parameters, bubble dynamics (size and rise velocity) were investigated via advanced measurement techniques that includes optical probe, Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA), Computed Tomography (CT), Computer Automated Radioactive Particle Tracking (CARPT). The findings are discussed and analyzed in this report. In attempt to advance the design and scale-up of bubble columns, new correlations have been developed based on a large bank of data collected at a wide range of operating and design conditions. These correlations are for prediction of radial gas holdup profile, axial liquid velocity profile, overall gas holdup based on Neural Network and gas-liquid mass transfer coefficient.Despite the noticeable advances made on FT SBCR as a part of this project, there are still many parameters and challenging issues that need to be further and properly investigated and understood before this technology will be readily used for alternative fuel development technology. iv ADVANCED DIAGNOSTIC TECHNIQUES FOR THREE-PHASE SLURRY BUBBLE COLUMN REACTORS (SBCR)Final Technical Report DE-FG-26-99FT40594 Bubble column reactor of 6" without ports used for CARPT/CT measurements. CT1, CT2, CT3 represents the scan levels used in this investigation 30 Figure 3. 4 Bubble column reactor of 6" with ports used for overall gas holdup and DP measurements. CT1, CT2, CT3 represents the scan levels used in this investigation. 31 Effect of superficial gas velocity on gas holdup profile (airwater-glass beads 150 (µm) in 6" column with 9.1 % vol. solids loading at 0.1 MPa 50 Figure 4.10 Effect of superficial gas velocity on solids axial velocity profile (air-water-glass beads 150 µm) in 6" column with 9.1 % vol. solids loading at 0.1 MPa 50 Figure 4.11 Effect of superficial gas velocity on solids shear stress profile (air-water-glass beads 150 µm) in 6" column with 9.1 % vol. solids loading at 0.1 MPa 50 Figure 4.12 Effect of superficial gas velocity on TKE (air-water-glass beads 150 µm) in 6" column with 9.1 % vol. solids loading at 0.1 MPa 51 Figure 4.13 Effect of superf...

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Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors

Merchuk

Camacho

2010

Encyclopedia of Industrial Biotechnology

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ALRs are popular in modern bioprocess research and development and, in many cases, they have found industrial uses. The distinctive characteristics of ALRs are conferred by the fluid dynamics of the liquid‐gas or liquid gas‐solid mixtures: holdup, liquid velocity, and mixing in the riser, gas separator, and downcomer. Only a correct understanding of the interconnection of these regions can make possible the scale‐up of a laboratory device, to pilot or industrial size. Several correlations are available in the literature for the prediction of the fluid dynamic characteristics of the reactor and of the mass and heat transfer coefficients, and a selection is presented in this review. Significant progress has been made in the application of modern computational tools to the simulation and design of ALRs. In parallel, innovative and sophisticated methods have been applied to obtain a deeper insight into the mechanisms of fluid motion and the flow patterns in the reactor. However, no single research group has managed to cover all the variables over a wide range. The engineer confronting scale‐up or de novo design of an ALR must analyze the validity of the correlations and computation methods used for the calculations.

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High‐pressure three‐phase fluidization: Hydrodynamics and heat transfer

Abstract: The phase holdups and the heat-transfer behavior were studied experimentally in

Cited by 62 publications

References 32 publications

Engineering Development of Slurry Bubble Column Reactor (Sbcr) Technology

Engineering Development of Slurry Bubble Column Reactor (Sbcr) Technology

Advanced Diagnostic Techniques for Three-Phase Slurry Bubble Column Reactors(sbcr)

Bioreactors: Airlift Reactors

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