Herbicide-resistant cotton (Gossypium hirsutum) plants: an alternative way of manual weed removal

Abstract

BackgroundCotton yield has been badly affected by different insects and weed competition. In Past Application of multiple chemicals is required to manage insects and weed control was achieved by different conventional means, such as hand weeding, crop rotation and polyculture, because no synthetic chemicals were available. The control methods shifted towards high input and target-oriented methods after the discovery of synthetic herbicide in the 1930s. To utilise the transgenic approach, cotton plants expressing the codon-optimised CEMB GTGene were produced in the present study.ResultsLocal cotton variety CEMB-02 containing Cry1Ac and Cry2A in single cassette was transformed by synthetic codon-optimised 5-enolpyruvylshikimate-3-phosphate synthase gene cloned into pCAMBIA 1301 vector under 35S promoter with Agrobacterium tumifaciens. Putative transgenic plants were screened in MS medium containing 120 µmol/L glyphosate. Integration and expression of the gene were evaluated by PCR from genomic DNA and ELISA from protein. A 1.4-kb PCR product for Glyphosate and 167-bp product for Cry2A were obtained by amplification through gene specific primers. Expression level of Glyphosate and Bt proteins in two transgenic lines were recorded to be 0.362, 0.325 µg/g leaf and 0.390, 0.300 µg/g leaf respectively. FISH analysis of transgenic lines demonstrates the presence of one and two copy no. of Cp4 EPSPS transgene respectively. Efficacy of the transgene Cp4 EPSPS was further evaluated by Glyphosate spray (41 %) assay at 1900 ml/acre and insect bioassay which shows 100 %mortality of insect feeding on transgenic lines as compared to control.ConclusionThe present study shows that the transgenic lines produced in this study were resistant not only to insects but also equally good against 1900 ml/acre field spray concentration of glyphosate.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s13104-015-1397-0) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.

Evaluation of two cotton varieties CRSP1 and CRSP2 for genetic transformation efficiency, expression of transgenes Cry1Ac+Cry2A, GT gene and insect mortality

“…The results are comparable with results of Refs. [16] , [1] , [2] . Based on results CRSP-1 was found better than CRSP-2 for resistance against insects and herbicide expression and action.…”

“…Weeds are considered to be another limiting factor for reduction of plant yield. In past manual hoeing was the only reliable method for getting rid of these weeds but it was not beneficial due to time and labor it required and also because of the cost of labor [16] . Total seed numbers of weeds in the soil were found to rise significantly after shifting from chemical weed control method to non-chemical means [4] .…”

Overexpression of a Sucrose Synthase Gene Indirectly Improves Cotton Fiber Quality Through Sucrose Cleavage

“…The sequence of Zea mays sucrose synthase 1 gene (Gene Bank Accession number NM_001111853.1 ) was retrieved from the National Centre for Biotechnology Information GenBank database 1 ( Pruitt et al, 2006 ). The sequence was optimized by replacing codons predicted to be less frequently used in cotton with more favored codons without altering the amino acid sequence ( Perlak et al, 1991 ; Owczarzy et al, 2008 ; Latif et al, 2015 ) with the help of codon usage databases 2 , 3 . The codon-optimized sequence was checked for structural and functional efficiency using some bioinformatics tools available on SIB Bioinformatics Resource Portal 4 ( Gasteiger et al, 2003 ; Arnold et al, 2009 ).…”

Recent advances in genetic manipulation of crops: A promising approach to address the global food and industrial applications

“…Herbicide resistance has been developed in many crop species, such as oilseed rape, maize, soybeans, sugar beet, fodder beet, cotton, rice and coffee (100)(101)(102)(103)(104)(105). The first herbicide-tolerant GM plants commercially grown were glyphosatetolerant soybeans (106,107).…”