Heating the house. An archaeological and archaeometrical investigation into the tile-stoves of late-medieval Flanders, Belgium (14–17th centuries)

Langhe, Kaatje De; Vekemans, Bart; Clercq, Wim De; Vincze, László; Vandenabeele, Peter

doi:10.1080/00794236.2015.1124197

Cited by 3 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 11 publications

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“…After the Roman hypocaustrum system, only ovens and open fireplaces were used for heating, until stoves were invented around the twelfth century in the region of Switzerland (de Langhe et al 2015;Kocsis 2018). The first stoves in medieval Hungary were initially used in the royal court, and then by various other social classes from the fifteenth century.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Provenance and production technology of late medieval ‘Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica–type’ high-quality stove tiles

Györkös

Bajnóczi

Szakmány

et al. 2020

Archaeol Anthropol Sci

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A unique collection of high-quality late medieval (fifteenth–sixteenth century) glazed and unglazed stove tiles from the northern part of the Carpathian Basin is of great interest to archaeologists and art historians. It is yet to be determined if these products, which are characterised by similar features, were produced in a single workshop, perhaps in Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica (in present-day Slovakia), or in several workshops throughout the region. The first systematic multi-analytical investigation was carried out on the ceramic body and glaze of one hundred and seventeen tile fragments from six sites (Besztercebánya/Banská Bystrica, Fülek/Fiľakovo, and Csábrág/Čabraď in Slovakia; Salgó, Eger, and Szécsény in Hungary) using polarising microscopy, X-ray diffraction, electron microprobe, and Raman microspectroscopy analyses to determine the raw materials and production techniques used. Based on the petrographic characteristics, phase and chemical composition of the ceramic body, and the chemical composition and colourants of the glazes, the stove tiles can be classified into three primary groups. Tiles from different sites are different to each other, only the tiles from the Hungarian sites and from Fülek/Fiľakovo are similar. Thus, it is probable that the tiles were produced in several (at least three) workshops in the region from where they were then dispersed. The technological knowledge of the master(s) producing the polychrome Csábrág/Čabraď tiles with tin-opacified glazes was higher than that of the master(s) producing the other tiles. However, the exact location of the workshops as well as their existence through time is still in unknown.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%