Hábitos relacionados à exposição solar dos professores de educação física que trabalham com atividades aquáticas

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Ultraviolet radiation has been considered one of the most important risk factors for melanoma or nonmelanoma skin cancer. Thus, it has been accepted that professionals working with outdoor activities are at greater risk of developing skin cancer. OBJECTIVE: To identify sun-exposure habits among teachers of physical education (PE) who work with water activities. METHODS: We conducted an observational cross-sectional study with 123 male and female PE teachers aged between 20 and 58 years who have been working with water activities for at least a year using a questionnaire with open and closed-ended questions. RESULTS: Of the respondents, it was observed that 64.2% work directly exposed to the sun and 13.0% in partially covered pools; out of these, 69.5% do so between 10 am and 4 pm. In the group exposed to the sun, it was found that only 17.9% always protect themselves. Men seem to be less careful, since 14.3% always protect themselves, while 23.1% of the women reported to always protect themselves. However, there were no statistically significant differences. CONCLUSION: Based on the data collected, we conclude that the sample investigated may be at risk of developing skin cancer. Keywords: melanoma, skin cancer, workers. Keywords: Melanoma; Skin neoplasms; Workers Resumo: FUNDAMENTOS: A radiação ultravioleta tem sido considerada um dos mais importantes fatores de risco para o câncer de pele melanoma ou não melanoma. Dessa forma, tem sido aceito que os profissionais que trabalham em atividades ao ar livre apresentam maior risco de desenvolver câncer de pele. OBJETIVO: Identificar os hábitos relacionados à exposição solar dos professores de Educação Física (EF) que trabalham com atividades aquáticas. MÉTODOS: Realizou-se um estudo observacional do tipo transversal com 123 professores de EF, de ambos os sexos, que trabalham com atividades aquáticas, no mínimo, há um ano, com idades entre 20 e 58 anos, utilizando-se um questionário com perguntas abertas e fechadas. RESULTADOS: Do total de informantes, observou-se que 64,2% trabalham diretamente expostos ao Sol e 13,0%, em piscinas com cobertura parcial, dos quais 69,5% o fazem entre 10h e 16h. Do grupo exposto ao Sol, verificou-se que apenas 17,9% sempre se protegem: 14,3% dos homens e 23,1% das mulheres. Contudo, não houve diferenças estatísticas significativas. CONCLUSÕES: A partir dos dados coletados, é possível concluir que o grupo amostral estudado parece encontrarse em situação de risco diante da possibilidade de desenvolver câncer de pele. Palavras-chave: Melanoma, Neoplasias cutâneas, Trabalhadores INTRODUCTIONThe skin is a heterogeneous organ and, therefore, skin cancer may present neoplasms of different types. According to Azulay et al., 1 the most frequent types are basal cell carcinoma (70% of the diagnoses of skin cancer), which mainly affects adults older than 30 years of age; squamous cell carcinoma (20% of the cases), which is more frequent in males and in older adults; and those originating in the melanocytes (4% of the case...

Occupational skin cancer: Systematic review

“…Ultraviolet radiation reaches the Earth's surface every day; therefore, professionals in the outdoor environment have a high risk of sun exposure and consequent risk of skin cancer. 4,[6][7][8]12,[18][19][20][21][22] In view of this, it has been observed that chronic and excessive exposure in the first 10 to 20 years of life, especially at times when the sun's rays are more intense, this is, from 10 am to 4 pm, increases the risk of skin cancer, as at a young age there is a higher chance of cumulative sun exposure in the workplace. 18,19 According to Simões et al 19 builders are professionals at risk, as they have a 44 hour work week, with excessive exposure to UV rays.…”

“…Prevention measures were examined in eight articles, which noted a predominance of the use of the following sun protection equipment: sunscreen, hats, caps, long pants, long-sleeve shirts, sunglasses and sunshades. 3,4,[13][14][15][16]18,19,24 The protection measures were used significantly more among women, especially sunscreen. 4,13,16,24 According to McCool et al, 24 males and younger people have a lower index of adherence to the use of protective equipment because they underestimate the risk and overestimate the ability to cope with that risk.…”

“…2 In view of this, exposure to numerous risk factors both at work and in the non-occupational environment as well as favorable climatic conditions may favor the emergence of skin cancer. [3][4][5] The main risk factor associated with the development of this neoplasm is exposure to UV radiation. It causes chronic cutaneous photoaging as well as having a carcinogenic effect on the skin in two ways: directly, when it acts directly on the cell, causing DNA mutation, and indirectly, by causing induction of T lymphocytes.…”

“…It causes chronic cutaneous photoaging as well as having a carcinogenic effect on the skin in two ways: directly, when it acts directly on the cell, causing DNA mutation, and indirectly, by causing induction of T lymphocytes. [3][4][5] Interest in this research occurred due to the fact that skin cancer may be the neoplasm that is most incident and avoidable in Brazil, as well as the major association with certain professional activities owed to exposure to numerous risk factors at work in a prolonged or cumulative manner. 1,2,5,12 As such, the objectives of the study were: To analyze the epidemiological profile, the risk factors in the work environment and the prevention methods for professionals at risk of skin cancer.…”

A Comparison between Solar Radiation and Skin Cancer in South Brazil

“…This is due to the fact that they comprehend the highest values for the solar incidence at the earth surface [14]. Annual averaging and then overall averaging were calculated.…”