Habit and morphology study on the palm-based 9,10-dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) crystals

Abstract

Dihydroxystearic acid (DHSA) and its derivatives are hydroxyl fatty acids suitable to be used as multipurpose intermediates in the synthesis of personal care products and decorative cosmetics. In Malaysia, DHSA has been successfully produced from palm-based oleic acid, via epoxidation with per-formic acid followed with hydrolysis of the epoxide. The objective of this paper is to study the crystals of DHSA produced under different crystallization conditions. The crystal habit and morphology were observed in terms of scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results show that solvent type, solvent concentration and cooling mode affect the crystal habit but not the morphology. The DHSA crystals agglomerated into either sphere-like or plate-like habit structure while always maintaining the triclinic crystal system.

Development, Characterization and Commercial Application of Palm Based Dihydroxystearic Acid and Its Derivatives: an Overview

“…4.3 Safety characteristics of 9,10-DHSA Initial evaluation concluded that crude 9,10-DHSA was irritating to human skin whereas purifi ed 9,10-DHSA was Table 3 Effects of various parameters on 9,10-DHSA purifi cation [8][9][10][11][12][13] …”

Recent advances of ring opening of epoxidation of palm oil derived from oleic acid via in situ hydrolysis under moderate temperature

“…The water acts as a crystal glue, clumping the DHSA together into lumps with plate‐like structures that have the same crystalline axis as a base crystal and repeat themselves over and over in three dimensions. These crystal agglomerates were similar in structure as desert rose aggregates (semi‐spherical rose‐like rosette aggregates) of platy barite crystals 24,25 . The EDX spectra revealed that only carbon and oxygen were present, indicating that only DHSA was present and there were no other compounds in the DHSA crystal sample.…”

“…These crystal agglomerates were similar in structure as desert rose aggregates (semi-spherical rose-like rosette aggregates) of platy barite crystals. 24,25 The EDX spectra revealed that only carbon and oxygen were present, indicating that only DHSA was present and there were no other compounds in the DHSA crystal sample. The EDX spectra showed that there was just carbon and oxygen present, which is evidence that the DHSA crystal sample had only DHSA and no other compounds.…”

Optimasi pada Epoksidasi Asam Oleat sebagai Bahan Baku dalam Sintesis Asam 9,10 - Dihidroksi Stearat (DHSA)

“…Saat ini, DHSA telah sukses dihasilkan dari asam oleat berbasis kelapa sawit, melalui epoksidasi dengan asam performat (rute PFA) atau asam perasetat (rute PAA) diikuti oleh hidrolisis epoksida menggunakan katalis asam sulfat (Koay et al 2009). Peningkatan proses untuk produksi hidroksil asam lemak berbasis kelapa sawit (DHSA) telah dipatenkan oleh Ahmad et al 2009.…”