Growth, surface microtopographic and thermal studies of CuInS2

Thermal decomposition studies of CuInS2

“…It is due to the loss of excess volatile sulphur reacting with oxygen to form sulphur dioxide gas and escaping from the compound [3]. The activation energy calculated by four relations for the reaction of excess sulphur with oxygen for formation of sulphur dioxide gas in Steps I and II have been found to be nearly same.…”

“…It is a semiconductor with a direct bandgap of ,1.55 eV at ambient temperature and can be made both n-type and p-type conductive [1], thus making it a versatile material for photovoltaic solar cells. The phase transformation of the CuInS 2 when heated in inert atmosphere and open air has been reported [2,3].…”

Synthesis and Characterization of CuIn<sub>2n+1</sub> S<sub>3n+2</sub> (with n = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5) Powders

“…It is clear from Figures 3(a), (b) that the peak due to the 112 plane has the highest intensity for the CuInS 2 (PDF 27-0159) and CuIn 3 S 5 (PDF 35-1349) powders while the highest intensity for CuIn 5 S 8 (PDF 72-0956), CuIn 7 S 11 (PDF 49-1383) and CuIn 11 S 17 (PDF 34-0797) powders is the peak due to the 311 plane. All the diffraction peaks of the patterns shown in Figure 3 could be indexed as those of CuIn 2n+1 S 3n+2 (n = 0, 1, 2, 3 and 5) with tetragonal chalcopyrite structure for CuInS 2 (space group I-42d [10]) and CuIn 3 S 5 (space group P-42c [11]) and with cubic spinel structure (space group Fd3m [12][13][14]) for CuIn 5 S 8 , CuIn 7 S 11 and CuIn 11 S 17 . This transition in the crystal structure between n = 0 and 1 and n = 2, 3 and 5 in the CuIn 2n+1 S 3n+2 system can be explained by the migration of a part of In 3+ ions towards octahedral sites when the indium atoms increase in the structure.…”

The impact of Ni and Zn doping on the thermal durability and thermoelectric variables of pristine CuSe nanoparticles

“…All the nanoparticles are resilient throughout the first breakdown stage, referring to the minimal weight diminution up to 638 K. Evaporation of water molecules and other weaker molecules from samples accounts for the minimal weight reductions detected within the aforementioned temperature range. 48,49…”

“…All the nanoparticles are resilient throughout the first breakdown stage, referring to the minimal weight diminution up to 638 K. Evaporation of water molecules and other weaker molecules from samples accounts for the minimal weight reductions detected within the aforementioned temperature range. 48,49 Following the initial stage, TG profiles presented the commencement of decomposition in the second temperature range. This second temperature range shows that there are three distinct phases for the decomposition process: an initial rapid reaction, a further progressive reaction through an extended temperature range, and a last flat-end reaction.…”