Growth rate and carrageenan analyses in four strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (Rhodophyta, Gigartinales) farmed in the subtropical waters of São Paulo State, Brazil

Abstract

Growth rate, semi-refined and refined carrageenan yields, 3,6-anhydrogalactose and sulphate contents, and gel strength were investigated in four strains of Kappaphycus alvarezii (brown, green and red tetrasporophytic strains, and one strain derived from tetraspores progeny, called G11) farmed in subtropical waters of São Paulo State, Brazil. All studied strains showed higher growth rates from February to May, decreasing from July to December. The G11 strain exhibited lower growth rates, but had semi-refined and refined carrageenan yields significantly higher than the others and similar to a commercial sample. A negative correlation between growth rate and semi-refined carrageenan yield was verified for all strains. The brown strain had the lowest content of 3,6-anhydrogalactose, while G11 and green strains showed higher values. No clear pattern of variation and no relationship were observed for sulphate and gel strength. However, all strains presented gel strength values near the one obtained from commercial sample. These results show that the carrageenan extracted from brown, green, red, and G11 strains of K. alvarezii cultured in subtropical waters of São Paulo State, Brazil with commercial potentials.

Optimization of Carrageenan Extraction Process From Seaweed

“…[14] When comparing these results with earlier reports, native carrageenan yield, viscosity, loss on drying and gel strength data are similar to the data obtained by Hayashi, et al, (2007) alvarezii. However, species of seaweed did not use atomization drying but alcohol precipitation and oven drying for the extraction process.…”

“…Since 1999, however, the average carrageenan prices have increased in the last 10 years from US $ 7.25 to 14 kg −1 . [11] The quality of carrageenan is usually evaluated according to its technical performance as Besides, if carrageenan used for industrial purposes is obtained without alkaline treatment and alcoholic precipitation [12] [13] , extraction process will be more attractive from an ecological and economic point of view.…”

Algal polysaccharides as source of plant resistance inducers

“…The K. alvarezii was recently introduced in Brazil for rational cultivation (Hayashi et al, 2011). Before its introduction, there were attempts to Hypnea musciformis (Wulfen) Lamouroux cultivation, a naturally found species in the Brazilian coast, with little success (Hayashi et al, 2007). Besides the advantage of a well-established system for carrageenans production, the great demand to attend current needs, the high market value will possibly be a constraint for its use in agriculture.…”

Karakteristik Dan Kesesuaian Perairan Untuk Budidaya Rumput Laut Di Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe, Sulawesi Utara

“…Kecerahan perairan lokasi yang cocok untuk budidaya rumput laut lebih dari 2 m. Apabila semakin tinggi tingkat kecerahannya, maka semakin efektif proses fotosintesis tersebut, untuk penambahan jumlah massa sel penyusun talus rumput laut (Hayashi et al, 2007). Kekeruhan yang tinggi dari padatan tersuspensi tidak baik untuk kegiatan budidaya rumput laut karena mengurangi penetrasi cahaya ke dalam air sehingga mengganggu proses fotosintesis rumput laut; dan juga menutup permukaan talus sehingga menghambat penyerapan nutrien melalui permukaan talus (Hidayat, 1990;Vairappan & Chung, 2006) Salinitas perairan Kabupaten Kepulauan Sangihe 32,95-35,13 ppt, di mana salinitas yang relatif rendah dijumpai di Teluk Talengen dan Dagho sebagai akibat adanya sungai yang tergolong sungai hidup yang bermuara di lokasi tersebut.…”