Growth and differentiation on a trypanosome of the subgenus Schizotrypanum from the bat Phyllostomus hastatus

Abstract

The effects o f temperature, pH, osmolarity and aeration on lhe growth and differentiation o f a trypanosome ofthe subgenus Schizotrypanum isolatedfrom the bat Phyllostomus hastatus were studied. In general, the growth characteristics ofthe flagellate were similar to those o f Trypanosoma (Schizotrypanum) cruzi. However, the parasite did not growth at 33 or 37C. Increase in the osmolarity and aeration promoted growth at 33C. Significant metacyclogenesis was detected only in the growth condition where maximal growth occured (28C, pH 7.3, 380m 0s/kg, in tissue cullure flasks), at the end ofthe exponential growth phase. The begining o f the metacyclogenesis process was coincident with most glucose utilization and lowest pH. During metacyclogenesis both culture medium pH and osmolarity increased steadly. In the present study we investigate the effects of temperature, pH, osmolarity and aeration surface on growth and metacyclogenesis of a trypanosome of the subgenus Schizotrypanum isolated from the bat P. hastatus. This isolate was previously unable in produce detectable parasitemia in mice15. Key

Trypanosoma teixeirae: A new species belonging to the T. cruzi clade causing trypanosomosis in an Australian little red flying fox (Pteropus scapulatus)

“…Trypanosomes are blood-borne flagellate protozoan parasites that can infect a wide range of vertebrate hosts including humans. Numerous trypanosome species have been identified in bats in Asia, Africa, South America and Europe (Hoare, 1972;Baker, 1973;Marinkelle, 1976Marinkelle, , 1979Gardner and Molyneux, 1988a,b;Hamanaka and Pinto Ada, 1993;Steindel et al, 1998;Barnabe et al, 2003;Grisard et al, 2003;Lisboa et al, 2008;Cottontail et al, 2009;Maia da Silva et al, 2009;Cavazzana et al, 2010;Garcia et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2012;Lima et al, 2012Lima et al, , 2013Marcili et al, 2013;Silva-Iturriza et al, 2013;Cottontail et al, 2014;Ramirez et al, 2014).…”

In vitro activity of 2-pyridinecarboxylic acid against trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum isolated from the bat Phyllostomus hastatus

“…The latter is more related to T. (S.) cruzi than the European isolates (BAKER et al, 1978; Acta Scientiarum. Biological Sciences Maringá, v. 33, n. 4, p. 437-443, 2011 BARNABE et al, 2003), but as mentioned, bat trypanosomes do not grow under conditions that exist in humans (BAKER et al, 1978;HAMANAKA;. Therefore, bat trypanosomes can be used for the initial screening of new antitrypanosomal drugs (DUARTE et al, 2002).…”

“…Bat trypanosomes of the subgenus Schizotrypanum have a cosmopolitan distribution and can be discriminated from T. (S.) cruzi by biological and genetic features (BAKER et al, 1978;BARNABE et al, 2003;HAMANAKA;PETRY et al, 1986;PINTO et al, 1996;STEINDEL et al, 1998;TEIXEIRA et al, 1993). This protozoan can be easily cultivated in axenic medium, and in general, the growth characteristics are similar to those of T. (S.) cruzi.…”

“…This protozoan can be easily cultivated in axenic medium, and in general, the growth characteristics are similar to those of T. (S.) cruzi. However, the bat trypanosome does not grow at 37 o C, and it has not been detected in fresh blood samples or hemocultures of inoculated mice (BAKER et al, 1978;HAMANAKA;. These features make bat trypanosomes suitable as a model for screening new trypanocidal compounds (DUARTE et al, 2002) and for studying biological events common to pathogenic trypanosomatids.…”

High prevalence of Trypanosoma vegrandis in bats from Western Australia

“…Trypanosomes are blood-borne parasites, and while the majority of species appear to asymptomatically infect the host, Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense and Trypanosoma brucei gambiense are known to cause severe disease in humans and Trypanosoma cruzi causes severe disease in both humans and animals, resulting in very large economic losses worldwide (Thompson et al, 2014). Bats are among the most common hosts of a large variety of trypanosomes in Africa, Asia, South America and Europe (Hoare, 1972;Baker, 1973;Marinkelle, 1976;Marinkelle, 1979;Gardner and Molyneux, 1988a,b;Molyneux, 1991;Hamanaka and Pinto Ada, 1993;Steindel et al, 1998;Grisard et al, 2003;Barnabe et al, 2003;Lisboa et al, 2008;Cottontail et al, 2009;Maia da Silva et al, 2009;Cavazzana et al, 2010;García et al, 2012;Hamilton et al, 2012a,b;Lima et al, 2012;Pinto et al, 2012;Lima et al, 2013;Marcili et al, 2013;Silva-Iturriza et al, 2013;Cottontail et al, 2014;Ramírez et al, 2014). However, knowledge of the genetic diversity, hosts, vectors, life-cycles, pathology, distribution and phylogenetic relationships of trypanosome species infecting bats is restricted to a few species.…”