Abstract:This study aimed to assess the effect of different breeds and crosses of broiler chickens and sex on growth, carcass characteristics, and tissue composition. The experimental design was a completely randomized design in a 6 × 2 factorial scheme, with six genotypes (New Hampshire – NHS, Jersey Black Giant – JBG, Rodhe Island Red – RIR, Indigenous Giant – IG, and the hybrids IG × NHS and IG × JBG) and two sexes (male and female). Each treatment was composed of five replications with three broiler chickens, total… Show more
“…In a great part of the works in the literature, males presented higher values of live weight (Mitrovic et al, 2011;Sarica et al, 2014;Cruz et al, 2018) and carcass yield (Del Castilho et al, 2013), which is in agreement with the results observed in the present study. This behavior is related to sexual dimorphism, in which males present a higher growth potential, with greater muscle deposition capacity due to the synthesis of androgen hormones, responsible for protein anabolism, in addition to better developed bone structure (Rondelli et al, 2003).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…In addition, female hormones, especially estrogen, increase body fat deposition (Kessler and Silva, 2017). With similar results, Santos et al (2005), Faria et al (2011), Mitrovic et al (2011), Sarica et al (2014), and Cruz et al (2018) found higher values of abdominal fat yield for females.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 66%
“…The fact of that females present higher mean of breast yield and males higher thigh yield and drumstick weight may be related to the effect of sexual dimorphism, and this behavior has been observed in other studies (Dourado et al, 2009;Faria et al, 2011;Del Castilho et al, 2013;Sarica et al, 2014;Cruz et al, 2018). Males presented greater development of the secondary parts of the carcass, such as wing, back, head plus neck, and feet.…”
We intended to evaluate the influence of supplementation with biocomplexed minerals on the performance and carcass characteristics of Label Rouge broilers of both sexes, as well as on the feed efficiency and feed costs. The experimental design was completely randomized arranged in factorial scheme (3×2)-three experimental diets (control, 0.50 ppm of selenium, and 0.40 ppm of chromium) and two sexes (male and female). Each treatment was composted of three plots, each one represented by 21 birds. The average weight (g/bird), weight gain (g/bird), feed intake (g/bird), and feed conversion in periods of 1 to 7, 1 to 21, 1 to 35, 1 to 49, 1 to 63, and 1 to 90 days were calculated. Weight and yield of carcass and cuts were determined. Both average feed cost (AFC, R$/bird) and cost per kg of weight gain (CWG, R$/kg weight gain) as well as economic efficiency index (EEI) were estimated. There was no influence of the diet on performance, carcass characteristics, and feed costs of the birds. The males presented higher means of average weight (3819.2 g/bird), weight gain (3780.9 g/bird), feed intake (11030.2 g/bird), and better feed conversion index (2.9) in the period of 1 to 90 days, besides presenting higher values of live weight at slaughter (3740.2 g), carcass weight (3117.5 g) and carcass yield (83.4%), breast weight (832.4 g), thigh weight (432.5 g), and thigh yield (13.9%); the females presented higher breast yield values (28.1%). The males presented higher AFC and lower CWG. The addition of minerals in the diet does not change performance, carcass characteristics and feed costs. The males present better performance and better carcass characteristics, in addition to being economically more viable.
“…In a great part of the works in the literature, males presented higher values of live weight (Mitrovic et al, 2011;Sarica et al, 2014;Cruz et al, 2018) and carcass yield (Del Castilho et al, 2013), which is in agreement with the results observed in the present study. This behavior is related to sexual dimorphism, in which males present a higher growth potential, with greater muscle deposition capacity due to the synthesis of androgen hormones, responsible for protein anabolism, in addition to better developed bone structure (Rondelli et al, 2003).…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 93%
“…In addition, female hormones, especially estrogen, increase body fat deposition (Kessler and Silva, 2017). With similar results, Santos et al (2005), Faria et al (2011), Mitrovic et al (2011), Sarica et al (2014), and Cruz et al (2018) found higher values of abdominal fat yield for females.…”
Section: Discussionsupporting
confidence: 66%
“…The fact of that females present higher mean of breast yield and males higher thigh yield and drumstick weight may be related to the effect of sexual dimorphism, and this behavior has been observed in other studies (Dourado et al, 2009;Faria et al, 2011;Del Castilho et al, 2013;Sarica et al, 2014;Cruz et al, 2018). Males presented greater development of the secondary parts of the carcass, such as wing, back, head plus neck, and feet.…”
We intended to evaluate the influence of supplementation with biocomplexed minerals on the performance and carcass characteristics of Label Rouge broilers of both sexes, as well as on the feed efficiency and feed costs. The experimental design was completely randomized arranged in factorial scheme (3×2)-three experimental diets (control, 0.50 ppm of selenium, and 0.40 ppm of chromium) and two sexes (male and female). Each treatment was composted of three plots, each one represented by 21 birds. The average weight (g/bird), weight gain (g/bird), feed intake (g/bird), and feed conversion in periods of 1 to 7, 1 to 21, 1 to 35, 1 to 49, 1 to 63, and 1 to 90 days were calculated. Weight and yield of carcass and cuts were determined. Both average feed cost (AFC, R$/bird) and cost per kg of weight gain (CWG, R$/kg weight gain) as well as economic efficiency index (EEI) were estimated. There was no influence of the diet on performance, carcass characteristics, and feed costs of the birds. The males presented higher means of average weight (3819.2 g/bird), weight gain (3780.9 g/bird), feed intake (11030.2 g/bird), and better feed conversion index (2.9) in the period of 1 to 90 days, besides presenting higher values of live weight at slaughter (3740.2 g), carcass weight (3117.5 g) and carcass yield (83.4%), breast weight (832.4 g), thigh weight (432.5 g), and thigh yield (13.9%); the females presented higher breast yield values (28.1%). The males presented higher AFC and lower CWG. The addition of minerals in the diet does not change performance, carcass characteristics and feed costs. The males present better performance and better carcass characteristics, in addition to being economically more viable.
“…Olawumi and Fagbuaro (2011) also found that breast meat weight, drumstick weight and wing weight are higher in male than in female broilers. In contrast, Cruz et al (2018) found that male broiler chickens had lower average breast weight but higher leg weight than female broilers. The Aboaca strain showed the highest weight (P < 0.01) for breast, drumstick, thigh, back and wing compared with Ross or Anak strains.…”
This study examined strain, sex and slaughter weight effect on performance, meat quality and yield of broiler chicken. One hundred and fifty-day-old chicks (broilers) were distributed randomly in a 3 × 2 × 4 factorial experiment, with 50 birds per strain (Ross, Aboaca and Anak) and 25 birds per sex. After trial, 32 birds per strain and 16 per sex were slaughtered at 4 different body weights (1,000, 1,500, 2,000, and 2,500 g) to determine carcass yield and meat quality. The results revealed significant strain and sex effect (P < 0.05) on growth performance of the broiler chicken. Ross strain had the highest feed intake (4883.25 g) and final body weight (2440.25 g) compared to Aboaca and Anak strains. Female broiler having heavier body weight (2431.66 g) and feed intake (4864.83 g) than the males for all strains. Aboaca birds had the highest carcass yields for all slaughter weight than Anak and Ross. The slaughter weight, irrespective sex and strains significantly influenced the carcass yield (P < 0.001) with birds slaughtered at 2,500 g having (P < 0.001) highest values compared to other slaughtered weights. As slaughter weight increases, cooking loss and thermal shortening decreases while water holding capacity and shear force values increases. Overall, Aboaca strain was considered to have best performances for production.
“…The lower body weight of SGB in this study on day 32 could be attributed to the genetic effect of the layer strain as one of its parents. However, the number of days needed for SGB to achieve market weight of 2–2.5 kg at 55 d was found to be either comparable or better to the commercially available slow-growing broiler breeds such as Rowan Ranger ( Aviagen, 2018 ) and CobbSasso ( Cobb-Vantress, 2007 ), and many other slow-growing strains and breeds investigated in several other studies ( Fanatico et al., 2005b ; Sarica et al., 2014b ; McCrea et al., 2014 ; Cruz et al., 2018 ; Mueller et al., 2018 ) that estimated time to reach market weight at 50 to 105 d. Figure 1 Average body weight (kg/bird) on a weekly basis, for Cobb (CB) until day 32 and slow-growing broiler (SGB) until day 55, grown to a market weight of 2.0–2.2 kg. …”
Slow-growing broilers offer differentiation in the chicken meat market for consumers who have distinct preferences based on perceived higher welfare indices and willingness to pay a higher price for the product. Although breeding for slow-growing broilers is relatively advanced in Europe and the United States, it is limited in Australia. Crossbreeding is one of the approaches taken to developing slow-growing broiler strains. Thus, the aim of this study was to compare performance, immune response, leg health, carcass characteristics, and meat quality of a novel crossbred slow-growing broiler breed (
SGB
) with the conventional, fast-growing Cobb 500 broiler (
CB
) to assess their suitability as an alternative for chicken meat production in Australia. A total of 236 one-day-old broiler chicks (116 SGB and 120 fast-growing CB) were reared on standard commercial diet in an intensive production system. Birds and feed were weighed on a weekly basis and feed intake and feed conversion ratio calculated. At 21 d of age, a 2% suspension of sheep red blood cells was injected subcutaneously into 8 broilers of each breed to compare their antibody response. Birds from both breeds were grown to a final live weight of 2.0–2.2 kg, before a latency-to-lie (
LTL
) test, carcass analysis and apparent metabolizable energy (
AME
) assay were performed. The SGB reached the target weight at 55 d of age compared with 32 d in CB. However, SGB stood for longer during LTL, had higher thigh, drumstick, and wing yields (as a percentage of carcass weight) as well as darker and redder meat in comparison with the CB. The CB had better feed conversion efficiency, higher antibody (
IgM
) production, higher AME, heavier breast yield, and lower meat drip loss than the SGB. Although fast-growing CB outperformed the SGB for traditional performance parameters, the crossbred in this study was comparable with other slow-growing broiler breeds and strains across different countries and is thus a suitable candidate for a slow-growing alternative in Australia.
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