Graphitization of nanodiamond powder annealed in argon ambient

Chen, Jian; Deng, S.Z.; Chen, Jun; Yu, Zhenliang; Xu, Ning

doi:10.1063/1.123211

Cited by 150 publications

(105 citation statements)

References 11 publications

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“…On the other hand, the strain distributions of Crystals 2 The reduction of the crystalline volume of Crystal 1 suggests a surface etching process. One possible etching mechanism is high-temperature surface graphitization 14,15 that would reduce the volume fraction of diamond in the nanoparticle and that has been previously observed in diamond annealed under conditions similar to our experiment. 23 To verify the presence of surface graphite, Raman spectroscopy was performed on samples prepared in this work.…”

confidence: 52%

In situ study of annealing-induced strain relaxation in diamond nanoparticles using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

et al. 2017

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We observed changes in morphology and internal strain state of commercial diamond nanocrystals during high-temperature annealing. Three nanodiamonds were measured with Bragg coherent x-ray diffraction imaging, yielding three-dimensional strain-sensitive images as a function of time/temperature. Up to temperatures of 800 °C, crystals with Gaussian strain distributions with a full-width-at-half-maximum of less than 8×10−4 were largely unchanged, and annealing-induced strain relaxation was observed in a nanodiamond with maximum lattice distortions above this threshold. X-ray measurements found changes in nanodiamond morphology at temperatures above 600 °C that are consistent with graphitization of the surface, a result verified with ensemble Raman measurements.

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confidence: 52%

In situ study of annealing-induced strain relaxation in diamond nanoparticles using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

et al. 2017

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“…The oxidation rate depends on the crystalline orientation and increases from (100) over (110) to (111) [33]. However, heating diamond to temperatures above 1000 °C in vacuum or in an atmosphere of inert argon is found to cause graphitization [33,34].…”

Section: 1mentioning

confidence: 99%

Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Wenmackers

Vermeeren

vandeVen

et al. 2009

Physica Status Solidi (a)

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This article reviews the current state‐of‐the art of diamond‐based DNA sensors. Some general concepts involved in biosensors are introduced and applied to DNA sensors. The properties of chemically vapor deposited (CVD) diamond relevant for this application are summed up, with special attention for the stability and bio‐compatibility of the material. Several routes to functionalize the diamond surface are considered. The physical properties of the obtained DNA layers are discussed in terms of surface density and molecular conformation. Possible read‐out strategies are evaluated, including optical and electronic sensing. With diamond‐based DNA sensors, real‐time and label‐free sensing is achieved. (© 2009 WILEY‐VCH Verlag GmbH & Co. KGaA, Weinheim)

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“…2 Graphitization mechanism of diamond and the preferential energetic stability of nanodiamond crystallites over graphitic particles of the same size has been the subject of rigorous research in the past decades. [2][3][4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11] The size, surface termination, and intergranular phase and chemical composition of the diamond crystallites affect the physical and electronic film properties, including the dielectric constant, 12,13 electron and field emission 14,15 and tribological properties, 16 etc. Elevated temperatures were also found to improve the field emission, 17 thermionic emission, 18 and secondary electron emission properties.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Bulk and surface thermal stability of ultra nanocrystalline diamond films with 10–30 nm grain size prepared by chemical vapor deposition

Michaelson

Stacey

Orwa

et al. 2010

Journal of Applied Physics

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The thermal stability of nanocrystalline diamond films with 10–30 nm grain size deposited by microwave enhanced chemical vapor deposition on silicon substrate was investigated as a function of annealing temperature up to 1200 °C. The thermal stability of the surface-upper atomic layers was studied with near edge x-ray absorption fine structure (NEXAFS) spectroscopy recorded in the partial electron yield mode. This technique indicated substantial thermally induced graphitization of the film within a close proximity to the surface. While in the bulk region of the film no graphitization was observed with either Raman spectroscopy or NEXAFS spectroscopy recorded in total electron yield mode, even after annealing to 1200 °C. Raman spectroscopy did detect the complete disappearance of transpolyacetylene (t-PA)-like ν1 and ν3 modes following annealing at 1000 °C. Secondary ion mass spectroscopy, applied to investigate this relative decrease in hydrogen atom concentration detected only a ∼30% decrease in the bulk content of hydrogen atoms. This enhanced stability of sp3 hybridized atoms within the bulk region with respect to graphitization is discussed in terms of carbon bond rearrangement due to the thermal decomposition of t-PA-like fragments.

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Graphitization of nanodiamond powder annealed in argon ambient

Cited by 150 publications

References 11 publications

In situ study of annealing-induced strain relaxation in diamond nanoparticles using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

In situ study of annealing-induced strain relaxation in diamond nanoparticles using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Bulk and surface thermal stability of ultra nanocrystalline diamond films with 10–30 nm grain size prepared by chemical vapor deposition

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