<i>In situ</i> study of annealing-induced strain relaxation in diamond nanoparticles using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

Hruszkewycz, S. O.; Cha, Wonsuk; Andrich, Paolo; Anderson, Christopher P.; Ulvestad, Andrew; Harder, Ross; Fuoss, P. H.; Awschalom, D. D.; Heremans, F. Joseph

doi:10.1063/1.4974865

Cited by 22 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 25 publications

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“…The diamond sp 3 -mode and G-mode of NDs upon UV laser excitation are located at 1336 cm À1 and 1647 cm À1 , respectively. 94 When the synthesis temperature is 800 1C, the occurrences of the graphitic G-mode and the disordered D-mode derived from the ND precursor imply that the sp 3 -hybridized carbon starts to transform into sp 2 -hybridized OLC. The G-mode shows a relatively broad shape due to the large bond length variation in the material.…”

Section: Hybrid Sp 2 /Sp 3 Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The phase transformation generates sp 2 -hybridized carbon shells on the outside of the NDs, followed by continuous graphitization inside the particles. 94 Both the existing structural defects in ND surfaces and newly produced deriving from the detachment of surface functional groups increase the reactivity of surface carbon atoms and thus facilitate the phase transformation process. 91 For temperatures above 1100 1C, the initially highly disordered carbon shells become increasingly more graphitic with a lower defect density.…”

Section: Hybrid Sp 2 /Sp 3 Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…This method provides a direct 3D image to obtain intuitive understanding of the phase transformation of NDs into OLCs. 94 However, the detailed mechanism of transformation from an almost pure sp 3 ND to a mixed sp 2 /sp 3 BND and then to a neat sp 2 OLC is still not fully clear, despite also computational efforts. [95][96][97] 2.1.2 Surface characteristics of UNDDs.…”

Section: Hybrid Sp 2 /Sp 3 Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalysis by hybrid sp²/sp³nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials

et al. 2018

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Section: Hybrid Sp 2 /Sp 3 Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Sp 2 /Sp 3 Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Hybrid Sp 2 /Sp 3 Nanocarbonsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Catalysis by hybrid sp²/sp³nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials

et al. 2018

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“…However, we have used parameters close to those of a typical experiment. Thus, these general results will be useful in reconstructing defective crystals in a variety of interesting applications, especially when the specimen of interest is weakly scattering 53 . Finally, the results of these investigations may find uses in phase retrieval in other applications, including x-ray ptychography 54 .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 91%

Identifying Defects with Guided Algorithms in Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging

Ulvestad

Nashed

Beutier

et al. 2017

Sci Rep

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Crystallographic defects such as dislocations can significantly alter material properties and functionality. However, imaging these imperfections during operation remains challenging due to the short length scales involved and the reactive environments of interest. Bragg coherent diffractive imaging (BCDI) has emerged as a powerful tool capable of identifying dislocations, twin domains, and other defects in 3D detail with nanometer spatial resolution within nanocrystals and grains in reactive environments. However, BCDI relies on phase retrieval algorithms that can fail to accurately reconstruct the defect network. Here, we use numerical simulations to explore different guided phase retrieval algorithms for imaging defective crystals using BCDI. We explore different defect types, defect densities, Bragg peaks, and guided algorithm fitness metrics as a function of signal-to-noise ratio. Based on these results, we offer a general prescription for phasing of defective crystals with no a priori knowledge.

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“…ptychography(Cha et al, 2016;Hruszkewycz et al, 2012;Hruszkewycz et al, 2017a;Hruszkewycz et al, 2017b). In transmission mode (i.e.…”

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General approaches for shear-correcting coordinate transformations in Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Part I

Maddali¹,

Li²,

Pateras³

et al. 2020

J Appl Cryst

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This two‐part article series provides a generalized description of the scattering geometry of Bragg coherent diffraction imaging (BCDI) experiments, the shear distortion effects inherent in the 3D image obtained from presently used methods and strategies to mitigate this distortion. Part I starts from fundamental considerations to present the general real‐space coordinate transformation required to correct this shear, in a compact operator formulation that easily lends itself to implementation with available software packages. Such a transformation, applied as a final post‐processing step following phase retrieval, is crucial for arriving at an undistorted, correctly oriented and physically meaningful image of the 3D crystalline scatterer. As the relevance of BCDI grows in the field of materials characterization, the available sparse literature that addresses the geometric theory of BCDI and the subsequent analysis methods are generalized here. This geometrical aspect, specific to coherent Bragg diffraction and absent in 2D transmission CDI experiments, gains particular importance when it comes to spatially resolved characterization of 3D crystalline materials in a reliable nondestructive manner. This series of articles describes this theory, from the diffraction in Bragg geometry to the corrections needed to obtain a properly rendered digital image of the 3D scatterer. Part I of this series provides the experimental BCDI community with the general form of the 3D real‐space distortions in the phase‐retrieved object, along with the necessary post‐retrieval correction method. Part II builds upon the geometric theory developed in Part I with the formalism to correct the shear distortions directly on an orthogonal grid within the phase‐retrieval algorithm itself, allowing more physically realistic constraints to be applied. Taken together, Parts I and II provide the X‐ray science community with a set of generalized BCDI shear‐correction techniques crucial to the final rendering of a 3D crystalline scatterer and for the development of new BCDI methods and experiments.

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In situ study of annealing-induced strain relaxation in diamond nanoparticles using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Catalysis by hybrid sp²/sp³nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials

Catalysis by hybrid sp²/sp³nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials

Identifying Defects with Guided Algorithms in Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging

General approaches for shear-correcting coordinate transformations in Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Part I

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In situ study of annealing-induced strain relaxation in diamond nanoparticles using Bragg coherent diffraction imaging

Cited by 22 publications

References 25 publications

Catalysis by hybrid sp2/sp3nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials

Catalysis by hybrid sp2/sp3nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials

Identifying Defects with Guided Algorithms in Bragg Coherent Diffractive Imaging

General approaches for shear-correcting coordinate transformations in Bragg coherent diffraction imaging. Part I

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Product

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Catalysis by hybrid sp²/sp³nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials

Catalysis by hybrid sp²/sp³nanodiamonds and their role in the design of advanced nanocarbon materials