Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Wenmackers, Sylvia; Vermeeren, Veronique; vandeVen, Martin; Ameloot, Marcel; Bijnens, N.; Haenen, Ken; Michiels, Luc; Wagner, Patrick

doi:10.1002/pssa.200880486

Cited by 56 publications

(43 citation statements)

References 118 publications

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“…Diamond has proven to be an excellent platform for biomedical research due to its outstanding material properties such as chemical inertness, high thermal conductivity, and electronic properties [1]. In addition, intrinsic diamond displays a high chemical and electrochemical stability and has a wide band gap (5.5 eV) [2][3][4].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing heat transfer resistivity as a key element in a nanocrystalline diamond based single nucleotide polymorphism detection array

Bers

Grinsven

Vandenryt

et al. 2013

Diamond and Related Materials

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In this article, we report on the label-free real-time thermal monitoring of the denaturation of specific DNA fragments and its potential to detect and quantify single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs). Probe DNA, consisting of a 36-mer fragment was covalently immobilized on nanocrystalline chemical vapour deposition (CVD) diamond platforms and hybridized with a 29-mer target DNA fragment (full matching and/or with a point mutation). It was observed that the change in heat transfer resistance upon denaturation is dependent on the amount of DNA hybridized to the nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) surface. Furthermore the possibility to distinguish between a full matching sequence and its singularly mutated counterpart, when bound to the same NCD surface, was investigated. NCD surfaces were selectively hybridized with both full matching and mutated DNA fragments at different ratios (3:1, 2:2 and 1:3). A clear bipartite response in heat transfer resistivity was observed upon simultaneous denaturation of these DNA fragments. Denaturation temperature could be used to identify the DNA fragment to which each partial response could be attributed. Moreover, the partial increases in heat transfer resistivity related to the hybridized amount of non-mutated or mutated DNA, respectively. These results imply that heat transfer resistivity is a technique which can be used to (i) quantify DNA fragments of interest, (ii) detect and (iii) quantify SNPs in a mixture of mutated and non-mutated DNA fragments. Moreover, it illustrates the potential of this technique to detect SNPs without the necessity to design complex microarrays.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Implementing heat transfer resistivity as a key element in a nanocrystalline diamond based single nucleotide polymorphism detection array

Bers

Grinsven

Vandenryt

et al. 2013

Diamond and Related Materials

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“…Electroanalysis of substances like phenol or bio-molecules like glutathione are typically outside the usable potential window of standard electrodes such as carbon fibers or noble metals (Au, Pt), but these analytes have been detected with NCD electrodes [3,4]. Moreover, diamond surfaces can easily be functionalized [5][6][7][8] and are highly inert in electrolyte. Harsh environment applications have been extensively studied and the high corrosion stability of NCD electrodes was confirmed [2,9].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fabrication of a NCD microelectrode array for amperometric detection with micrometer spatial resolution

Colombo

Men

Scharpf

et al. 2011

Diamond and Related Materials

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We report on the fabrication of a boron-doped nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) 3 × 3 high-density microelectrode array (MEA) for amperometric measurements, with a single electrode area of 3 × 5 μm 2 and a separation in the μm scale. The NCD microelectrodes were grown by hot filament chemical vapor deposition (HFCVD) on a double-side polished sapphire wafer in order to preserve the diamond transparency. Bias enhanced nucleation (BEN) was performed to ensure a covalent adhesion of the films to the substrate. A current background noise of less than 5 pA peak to peak over a 1 kHz bandwidth resulted from an electrochemical investigation of the new device, using 100 mM KCl solutions and ferrocyanide red-ox couples. Cyclic voltammetry measurements in physiological buffer solution and in the presence of oxidizable biomolecules strengthened its suitability for bio-sensing. When compared to a 2 × 2 NCD microelectrode array prototype, already used for in vitro cell measurements, the signal to noise ratio of the amperometric response of the new 3 × 3 device proved twice as good. In addition, the optical transmittance of the boron-doped thin layers exceeded 40% in the visible wavelength range. The excellent electrochemical properties of NCD electrodes and the transparency in combination with the high spatial resolution make the new 3 × 3 NCD MEA a promising tool for electrochemical sensing in a variety of applications, ranging from medical to industrial, in neutral or harsh environments.

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“…Artificially grown diamond is a promising transducer material for chemical and biological sensing, as it is widely considered as biocompatible, displays outstanding electrical and electrochemical properties, and allows the direct coupling of biomolecules onto the diamond surface [1][2][3][4][5]. Among the various proposed concepts for the development of diamond-based chemical sensors and biosensors, the semiconductor field-effect platform is one of the most attractive approaches.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Capacitive Field-effect (bio-)chemical Sensors Based on Nanocrystalline Diamond Films

et al. 2009

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Capacitive field-effect electrolyte-diamond-insulator-semiconductor (EDIS) structures with Oterminated nanocrystalline diamond (NCD) as sensitive gate material have been realized and investigated for the detection of pH, penicillin concentration, and layer-by-layer adsorption of polyelectrolytes. The surface oxidizing procedure of NCD thin films as well as the seeding and NCD growth process on a Si-SiO 2 substrate have been improved to provide high pH-sensitive, non-porous thin films without damage of the underlying SiO 2 layer and with a high coverage of O-terminated sites. The NCD surface topography, roughness, and coverage of the surface groups have been characterized by SEM, AFM and XPS methods. The EDIS sensors with O-terminated NCD film treated in oxidizing boiling mixture for 45 min show a pH sensitivity of about 50 mV/pH. The pH-sensitive properties of the NCD have been used to develop an EDIS-based penicillin biosensor with high sensitivity (65-70 mV/decade in the concentration range of 0.25-2.5 mM penicillin G) and low detection limit (5 µM). The results of label-free electrical detection of layer-by-layer adsorption of charged polyelectrolytes are presented, too.

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Diamond‐based DNA sensors: surface functionalization and read‐out strategies

Cited by 56 publications

References 118 publications

Implementing heat transfer resistivity as a key element in a nanocrystalline diamond based single nucleotide polymorphism detection array

Implementing heat transfer resistivity as a key element in a nanocrystalline diamond based single nucleotide polymorphism detection array

Fabrication of a NCD microelectrode array for amperometric detection with micrometer spatial resolution

Capacitive Field-effect (bio-)chemical Sensors Based on Nanocrystalline Diamond Films

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