Grape

Reisch, Bruce I.; Owens, Christopher L.; Cousins, Peter

doi:10.1007/978-1-4419-0763-9_7

Cited by 91 publications

(82 citation statements)

References 156 publications

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“…Prior to the use of genomics, the fruity and aromatic “foxy” flavor found in the wild grape, Vitis labrusca , was introgressed into the domesticated grape, V. vinifera , for use in table grapes (Reisch et al, 2012). North Americans now commonly associate foxiness with “grape flavor,” especially in confectionary products.…”

Section: Benefits: Fruit Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Wild Relatives for Genomics-assisted Breeding of Perennial Crops

2017

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Perennial crops are vital contributors to global food production and nutrition. However, the breeding of new perennial crops is an expensive and time-consuming process due to the large size and lengthy juvenile phase of many species. Genomics provides a valuable tool for improving the efficiency of breeding by allowing progeny possessing a trait of interest to be selected at the seed or seedling stage through marker-assisted selection (MAS). The benefits of MAS to a breeder are greatest when the targeted species takes a long time to reach maturity and is expensive to grow and maintain. Thus, MAS holds particular promise in perennials since they are often costly and time-consuming to grow to maturity and evaluate. Well-characterized germplasm that breeders can tap into for improving perennials is often limited in genetic diversity. Wild relatives are a largely untapped source of desirable traits including disease resistance, fruit quality, and rootstock characteristics. This review focuses on the use of genomics-assisted breeding in perennials, especially as it relates to the introgression of useful traits from wild relatives. The identification of genetic markers predictive of beneficial phenotypes derived from wild relatives is hampered by genomic tools designed for domesticated species that are often ill-suited for use in wild relatives. There is therefore an urgent need for better genomic resources from wild relatives. A further barrier to exploiting wild diversity through genomics is the phenotyping bottleneck: well-powered genetic mapping requires accurate and cost-effective characterization of large collections of diverse wild germplasm. While genomics will always be used in combination with traditional breeding methods, it is a powerful tool for accelerating the speed and reducing the costs of breeding while harvesting the potential of wild relatives for improving perennial crops.

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Section: Benefits: Fruit Qualitymentioning

confidence: 99%

Exploiting Wild Relatives for Genomics-assisted Breeding of Perennial Crops

2017

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“…V itis vinifera L. subsp. vinifera (referred to as V. vinifera hereafter) is the most widely cultivated grape species but its productivity was historically limited due to its susceptibility to pests, diseases, and abiotic stress such as cold [2]. Genes from wild grape germplasm have been used to improve biotic and abiotic tolerance and resistance in cultivated grapes.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A phylogenetic analysis of the grape genus (Vitis L.) reveals broad reticulation and concurrent diversification during neogene and quaternary climate change

et al. 2013

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BackgroundGrapes are one of the most economically important fruit crops. There are about 60 species in the genus Vitis. The phylogenetic relationships among these species are of keen interest for the conservation and use of this germplasm. We selected 309 accessions from 48 Vitis species,varieties, and outgroups, examined ~11 kb (~3.4 Mb total) of aligned nuclear DNA sequences from 27 unlinked genes in a phylogenetic context, and estimated divergence times based on fossil calibrations.ResultsVitis formed a strongly supported clade. There was substantial support for species and less for the higher-level groupings (series). As estimated from extant taxa, the crown age of Vitis was 28 Ma and the divergence of subgenera (Vitis and Muscadinia) occurred at ~18 Ma. Higher clades in subgenus Vitis diverged 16 – 5 Ma with overlapping confidence intervals, and ongoing divergence formed extant species at 12 – 1.3 Ma. Several species had species-specific SNPs. NeighborNet analysis showed extensive reticulation at the core of subgenus Vitis representing the deeper nodes, with extensive reticulation radiating outward. Fitch Parsimony identified North America as the origin of the most recent common ancestor of extant Vitis species.ConclusionsPhylogenetic patterns suggested origination of the genus in North America, fragmentation of an ancestral range during the Miocene, formation of extant species in the late Miocene-Pleistocene, and differentiation of species in the context of Pliocene-Quaternary tectonic and climatic change. Nuclear SNPs effectively resolved relationships at and below the species level in grapes and rectified several misclassifications of accessions in the repositories. Our results challenge current higher-level classifications, reveal the abundance of genetic diversity in the genus that is potentially available for crop improvement, and provide a valuable resource for species delineation, germplasm conservation and use.

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“…Grapevine rootstocks were developed primarily for resistance to phylloxera and other vine pests, as well as adaptation to different soil conditions [1]. In southern Brazil, the occurrence of young vine decline and dyeback has led the search for rootstocks that can solve also this problem, which is quite severe in some places.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Agronomic behavior of grape rootstocks resistant to young vine decline in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Dalbó

Feldberg

2016

BIO Web Conf.

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Abstract. Young vine decline, caused by the ground pearl or margarodes (Eurhizococcus brasiliensis) and pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Phaeoacremonium and others), is a major problem in many vineyards of Southern Brazil. According to previous studies, the most resistant roostocks were hybrids of tropical species, such as Vitis caribaea (IAC 572, IAC 571-6, IAC 766) and V. cinerea (IAC 313). A medium resistance level was observed in V. champinii (Dog Ridge) and Muscadinia rotundifolia hybrids (VR 043-43). However, these rootstocks have not being used in grape growing areas of Southern Brazil. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of the scion cultivar Moscato Embrapa grafted on these rootstocks compared to Paulsen 1103 and R99, considered standards for this region. The tropical rootstocks IAC 313, IAC571-6, and IAC 766 induced earlier bud break compared to Paulsen 1103, the opposite of VR043-43 and Dog Ridge. In general aspects, all rootstocks tested can be used for grape production. Even the tropical rootstocks with no winter dormancy behave as normal rootstocks when grafted. IAC 572 has an advantage of not inducing early bud break. However, excessive vigor is the most limiting factor for IAC 572, requiring especial management practices to control vegetative development.

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Grape

Cited by 91 publications

References 156 publications

Exploiting Wild Relatives for Genomics-assisted Breeding of Perennial Crops

Exploiting Wild Relatives for Genomics-assisted Breeding of Perennial Crops

A phylogenetic analysis of the grape genus (Vitis L.) reveals broad reticulation and concurrent diversification during neogene and quaternary climate change

Agronomic behavior of grape rootstocks resistant to young vine decline in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

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