Agronomic behavior of grape rootstocks resistant to young vine decline in Santa Catarina State, Brazil

Abstract

Abstract. Young vine decline, caused by the ground pearl or margarodes (Eurhizococcus brasiliensis) and pathogenic fungi (Cylindrocarpon, Phaeoacremonium and others), is a major problem in many vineyards of Southern Brazil. According to previous studies, the most resistant roostocks were hybrids of tropical species, such as Vitis caribaea (IAC 572, IAC 571-6, IAC 766) and V. cinerea (IAC 313). A medium resistance level was observed in V. champinii (Dog Ridge) and Muscadinia rotundifolia hybrids (VR 043-43). However, these rootstocks have not being used in grape growing areas of Southern Brazil. An experiment was carried out to evaluate the agronomic characteristics of the scion cultivar Moscato Embrapa grafted on these rootstocks compared to Paulsen 1103 and R99, considered standards for this region. The tropical rootstocks IAC 313, IAC571-6, and IAC 766 induced earlier bud break compared to Paulsen 1103, the opposite of VR043-43 and Dog Ridge. In general aspects, all rootstocks tested can be used for grape production. Even the tropical rootstocks with no winter dormancy behave as normal rootstocks when grafted. IAC 572 has an advantage of not inducing early bud break. However, excessive vigor is the most limiting factor for IAC 572, requiring especial management practices to control vegetative development.

Chemical characteristics of grapes cv. Syrah (Vitis vinifera L.) grown in the tropical semiarid region of Brazil (Pernambuco state): influence of rootstock and harvest season

“…The cyanidin derivatives were one of the individual anthocyanin groups with the lowest concentrations (cyanidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-acetylglucoside), which is in agreement with the results published by Costa et al 31 At the beginning of maturation, the concentrations of peonidin 3-O-glucoside and cyanidin 3-O-glucoside in the skin of the berry are higher than those of the other anthocyanins. The reduction in these compounds during maturation is most likely linked to a block in the biosynthetic pathway of anthocyanins and an increase in the synthesis of trisubstituted anthocyanins as a result of different enzymatic activities.…”

“…The high concentrations of these compounds in the skin of Syrah grapes (IAC 313) may be related to the greater vigor of this rootstock compared to that of 1103P in the tropical climate condition of the study, which provides greater coverage of the canopy and protection of the grape clusters from the solar radiation and high temperatures. According to some studies, shading reduces the relative content of procyanidins in grapes grown under traditional conditions …”

“…The highest levels were observed in grapes of vines grafted onto Paulsen 1103, which may be related to some dehydration of the berries and possible concentration of this compound. The 1103P rootstock is considered to be less vigorous compared to IAC 313, under tropical conditions, which may promote less leaf formation in the canopy, leaving the clusters more exposed to climatic conditions of the region. According to Reynolds and Wardle, the rootstock interferes with the chemical composition, such as the sugar content, organic acids and anthocyanins.…”