Gold nanoparticles for applications in cancer radiotherapy: Mechanisms and recent advancements

Actual questions raised by nanoparticle radiosensitization

“…These DNA damages are not unexpected whatever the beam type: though most of the dose increase is located near the NP, emitted species from NP, ejected electrons and also photons for protons, are expected to reach up few hundred nanometers from the NP where they create deleterious radicals. Moreover, track ends will generate low-energy electrons (< 100eV) that can damage DNA as discussed in (Her et al, 2015).…”

Pinhole X-ray fluorescence imaging of gadolinium and gold nanoparticles using polychromatic X-rays: a Monte Carlo study

“…[14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21] The mechanisms of the radiation sensitization effect and methodologies for characterizing such effects have also been investigated. [22][23][24] The low-energy electrons emitted from AuNPs locally deposit their energies in close proximity, which results in physical radiation dose enhancement effect. [22][23][24][25] In addition, the effects of…”

“…[22][23][24] The low-energy electrons emitted from AuNPs locally deposit their energies in close proximity, which results in physical radiation dose enhancement effect. [22][23][24][25] In addition, the effects of…”

“…22,[26][27][28][29][30][31] The dependency of radiation sensitization on the size, shape, and concentration of AuNPs has also been presented by several studies. 23,27,[32][33][34][35][36] In order to further develop the nanoparticle-enhanced radiation therapy, monitoring the biological effects and toxicity based on in vivo biodistributions and concentrations of the nanoparticles (NP) in the target and normal tissues must be carried out during preclinical studies.…”

Arany és ezüst nanorészecskék sejtbiológiai hatásainak vizsgálata p53 deficiens rákos sejtekben és tumor metasztázis modellben

“…Az így felszabadult elektronok később, más nanorészecskékben is kiválthatnak elektron felszabadulást, vagy abszorbeálódhatnak a környező biológiai médiumban, és ezáltal ionizációt vagy szabadgyök képződést okozhatnak, így a sejtek károsodását eredményezik [114,115,189]. Az arany nanorészecskék radioszenzitizáló hatását számos in vivo tumor modellben megerősítették már [190]. Úgy tűnik, hogy az arany nanorészecskék erősítik a sugárkezelés hatását hipoxiás tumorban, illetve intracraniális gliómában is [191].…”