Pinhole X-ray fluorescence imaging of gadolinium and gold nanoparticles using polychromatic X-rays: a Monte Carlo study

Jung, Sung-Eun; Sung, Wonmo; Ye, Sung-Joon

doi:10.2147/ijn.s141185

Cited by 17 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 67 publications

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“…Our preliminary evaluation of the selected materials using Monte Carlo simulations [37] allowed us to evaluate the signal to noise ratio (SNR) for the expected K-emissions (see the Supplementary Material, section XRF Tomography and Table S2, Figures S3 and S4 for further details). In the phantom tests the XRF signal is proportional to the concentration of the emitting elements, regardless the composition, or size, of the NPs.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Library of Potential Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for X-Ray Fluorescence Tomography Bioimaging

Shaker

Larsson

et al. 2018

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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Nanoparticles (NPs) have been used as contrast agents for several bioimaging modalities. X-ray fluorescence (XRF) tomography can provide sensitive and quantitative 3D detection of NPs. With spectrally matched NPs as contrast agents, we demonstrated earlier in a laboratory system that XRF tomography could achieve high-spatial-resolution tumor imaging in mice. Here, we present the synthesis, characterization, and evaluation of a library of NPs containing Y, Zr, Nb, Rh, and Ru that have spectrally matched K-shell absorption for the laboratory scale X-ray source. The K-shell emissions of these NPs are spectrally well separated from the X-ray probe and the Compton background, making them suitable for the lab-scale XRF tomography system. Their potential as XRF contrast agents is demonstrated successfully in a small-animal equivalent phantom, confirming the simulation results. The diversity in the NP composition provides a flexible platform for a better design and biological optimization of XRF tomography nanoprobes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Library of Potential Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for X-Ray Fluorescence Tomography Bioimaging

Shaker

Larsson

et al. 2018

Contrast Media & Molecular Imaging

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“…Finally, the K‐XRF counts were determined to be the area (red striped area in Figure 3b) between the 0.1 wt% GNP curve and the 2nd polynomial curve within the energy ranges of 66.75–67.875 keV and 68.625–70.125 keV (vertical dash‐dot lines in Figure 3b). The attenuation correction method was the same as in our previous MC study and experimental study 19,26 …”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In those two studies, the radiation doses delivered to the GNP‐loaded samples were not been considered. MC models have been used for a proposal of a novel XRF detection system and for an optimization of the existing imaging system 16,26–30 . In MC models, various MC codes such as MCNP, EGSnrc, and GEANT4 were used and validated with the experimental results.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Monte Carlo modeling of gold nanoparticles detection limits of benchtop three‐dimensional L‐ and K‐shell X‐ray fluorescence mapping systems

Jung

2022

X-Ray Spectrometry

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This study aims to investigate the detection limits of gold nanoparticle (GNP) concentrations by Monte Carlo (MC) modeling of benchtop polychromatic Kand L-shell X-ray fluorescence mapping system. In Monte Carlo N-Particle (MCNP version 6.1) simulations, a 0.25-cm-diameter cylinder containing GNPs of various concentrations (i.e., 0.005%-1.0% gold by weight, wt%) was assumed to be located at the center of a cylindrical water phantom of various diameters (1.0-10 cm). Two different sets of incident pencil beam X-rays and detectors were modeled to stimulate X-ray fluorescence (XRF) of GNPs: (1) 62 kVp and silicon drift detector for L-XRF, (2) 105 kVp and cadmium telluride detector for K-XRF. The detection limits were calculated for given radiation doses to the center of phantom (375-1500 mGy). When the diameter of the phantom was 1 cm, the detection limits for L-XRF and K-XRF were an order of 0.001 wt % and of 0.01 wt%, respectively. The detectability of K-XRF turned out to be superior to that of L-XRF for the phantoms greater than or equal to 3 cm in diameter. The MC results will provide a guide for developing an optimal benchtop XRF imaging system for in vivo preclinical imaging, depending on the sizes of GNP-loaded objects, GNP concentrations, and radiation doses.

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“…Many works have been reported using this approach mainly focused on applications involving small phantoms or small size animals. [43][44][45][46][47][48] Although these approaches proposed the incorporation of high collimated X-ray beams along with collimation-proved detection systems to excite small regions improving spatial F I G U R E 1 Sketch of Orthovoltage X-Ray-Induced Radiation System (OXIRIS) process depicting the incident photon (1), nanoparticles (2), tumor antibody (3), neoplastic cell (4), photoelectron (5), characteristic X-ray (6), Auger electron (7), and normal cell (8) [Colour figure can be viewed at wileyonlinelibrary.com] resolution, no significant improvements in the signal-tonoise ratio (SNR) between GNP XRF and Compton scattering background were achieved.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

OXIRIS project: Development of a new XRF device for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer

et al. 2021

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A novel and suitable energy‐dispersive X‐ray fluorescent (EDXRF) device, currently at the prototype stage, the Project OXIRIS (Orthovoltage X‐Ray–Induced Radiation System), is presented for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer diseases. Monte Carlo simulation and experimental results of EDXRF signals from a small deep artificial tumor consisting of a solution of gold nanoparticles bio‐targeted and immersed in a tissue‐bioequivalent matrix are presented and compared. Briefly, the device consists of a dynamic orthovoltage X‐ray fluence concentration coupled to confocal with an EDXRF system along with a sample holder for 3D scanning; all integrated and controlled by a dedicated software capable of controlling the whole operation functionalities: the X‐ray source, the rotating arm, the sample holder, and the detection system. The software also includes dedicated subroutines for X‐ray fluorescent spectra processing to correlate K‐lines signal at each acquisition position with the corresponding high atomic number elements' concentration to produce a 3D distribution according to the user‐defined grid. The confocal configuration ensures that the detected signal comes exclusively from the excited volume as defined by the bulk of the focal spot. Hence, the 3D image is achieved by scanning the sample holder through the movement of the sample‐carrier stretcher moved by step motors in the 3 coordinated axes. The feasibility of the proposed methodology and the design of the prototype have been successfully demonstrated experimentally, targeting gold nanoparticles in water‐equivalent phantoms.

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Pinhole X-ray fluorescence imaging of gadolinium and gold nanoparticles using polychromatic X-rays: a Monte Carlo study

Cited by 17 publications

References 67 publications

A Library of Potential Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for X-Ray Fluorescence Tomography Bioimaging

A Library of Potential Nanoparticle Contrast Agents for X-Ray Fluorescence Tomography Bioimaging

Monte Carlo modeling of gold nanoparticles detection limits of benchtop three‐dimensional L‐ and K‐shell X‐ray fluorescence mapping systems

OXIRIS project: Development of a new XRF device for the simultaneous detection and treatment of cancer

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