GmFT4, a Homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, Is Positively Regulated by E1 and Functions as a Flowering Repressor in Soybean

Zhai, Hong; Lü, Shixiang; Liang, Shuang; Wu, Hongyan; Zhang, Xingzheng; Liu, Baohui; Kong, Fanjiang; Yuan, Xiaohui; Li, Jing; Xia, Zhengjun

doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0089030

Cited by 112 publications

(107 citation statements)

References 65 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Unclassified

Order By: Relevance

“…Recently, numerous studies have provided major insight into the genetic mechanism controlling soybean response to photoperiod, and found that E3 and E4 genes, which encode the photoreceptors GmPHYA3 and GmPHYA2 respectively, upregulate almost all photoperiodic flowering identity genes in soybean (Liu et al 2008;Watanabe et al 2009;Kong et al 2010;Sun et al 2011;Xia et al 2012b;Zhai et al 2014). Consequently, we examined the expression of GmTOE4a in E3 and E4 NILs, including the e3 and e4 single or double mutant, and observed that GmTOE4a was upregulated by E3 and E4 (Fig.…”

Section: The Role Of Gmtoe4a In Photoperiodic Floweringmentioning

confidence: 96%

“…In addition, GmFT2a and GmFT5a are involved in photoperiod-regulated flowering and coordinately promote flowering, while GmFT4 acts as a negative regulator of flowering time in soybean (Kong et al 2010;Zhai et al 2014). Given the late flowering phenotype observed in the 35S::GmTOE4a plants, we hypothesized that flowering time genes would be repressed in the transgenic plants.…”

Section: Gmtoe4a Regulates Some Key Flowering-related Genes In Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Flowering time, maturity, and plant morphology have considerable effects on the adaptation and grain yield of soybean (Glycine max). The identification of novel genes and an understanding of their molecular basis are critical to improve soybean productivity. In this study, we cloned a flowering time related APETALA2-like gene GmTOE4a and generated GmTOE4a-overexpressing lines in the cultivar Williams 82. The transgenic lines exhibited late flowering both under long day and short day conditions, and repressed the flowering-related genes, including GmFT2a, GmFT5a, GmAP1, and GmLFY, whereas the flowering repressors GmFT4 and miR156 were upregulated. Interestingly, GmTOE4a was also mediated by photoperiod via maturity genes E3 and E4, which encode photoreceptors in soybean. Further, miR172-mediated GmTOE4a, which regulates flowering in soybean, is different in Arabidopsis in that it is dependent on the CONSTANS-like gene GmCOL1a. In addition to its effect on flowering time, GmTOE4a regulated plant morphology, increased stem thickness, and reduced plant height, internode length and leaf size, which are important agronomic traits that enhance the capacity to resist lodging and increase soybean yield. This is useful information to understand the molecular mechanism of flowering time and plant morphology in soybean and will greatly influence soybean yield improvement.

show abstract

Section: The Role Of Gmtoe4a In Photoperiodic Floweringmentioning

confidence: 96%

Section: Gmtoe4a Regulates Some Key Flowering-related Genes In Soybeanmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

et al. 2015

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…This gene family has been studied in several legume species (Kong et al, 2010;Hecht et al, 2011;Laurie et al, 2011;Yamashino et al, 2013;Zhai et al, 2014), where most species have at least five FT-like genes that may be divided into three distinct clades: FTa, FTb, and FTc . We identified five members of this family in chickpea and observed clear differences in their expression between ICCV 96029 and CDC Frontier.…”

Section: The Expression Of Ft Genes Is Misregulated In a Line Carryinmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Chickpea Early Flowering 1 (Efl1) Locus Is an Ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3

et al. 2017

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

In climates that experience short growing seasons due to drought, heat, or end-of-season frost, early flowering is a highly desirable trait for chickpea (Cicer arietinum). In this study, we mapped, sequenced, and characterized Early flowering1 (Efl1), an ortholog of Arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) EARLY FLOWERING3 (ELF3) that confers early flowering in chickpea. In a recombinant inbred line population derived from a cross between CDC Frontier and ICCV 96029, this gene was mapped to the site of a quantitative trait locus on Ca5 that explained 59% of flowering time variation under short days. Sequencing of ELF3 in ICCV 96029 revealed an 11-bp deletion in the first exon that was predicted to result in a premature stop codon. The effect of this mutation was tested by transgenic complementation in the Arabidopsis elf3-1 mutant, with the CDC Frontier form of CaELF3a partially complementing elf3-1 while the ICCV 96029 form had no effect on flowering time. While induction of FLOWERING LOCUS T homologs was very early in ICCV 96029, an analysis of circadian clock function failed to show any clear loss of rhythm in the expression of clock genes in ICCV 96029 grown under continuous light, suggesting redundancy with other ELF3 homologs or possibly an alternative mode of action for this gene in chickpea. The 11-bp deletion was associated with early flowering in global chickpea germplasm but was not widely distributed, indicating that this mutation arose relatively recently.

show abstract

“…Soybean possesses at least 10 FT homologs, which are arranged as five pairs of linked genes in different homologous chromosomal regions (Kong et al, 2010). At least six of these genes promote early flowering when they are ectopically expressed in Arabidopsis (Kong et al, 2010;Thakare et al, 2011;Fan et al, 2014), whereas FT4 has an antagonistic effect (Zhai et al, 2014). Among these six genes, only FT2a and FT5a exhibit transcriptional patterns closely associated with changes in photoperiod (Kong et al, 2010).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

The Soybean-Specific Maturity Gene E1 Family of Floral Repressors Controls Night-Break Responses through Down-Regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T Orthologs

Yamagishi

Zhao

et al. 2015

Plant Physiology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Photoperiodism is a rhythmic change of sensitivity to light, which helps plants to adjust flowering time according to seasonal changes in daylength and to adapt to growing conditions at various latitudes. To reveal the molecular basis of photoperiodism in soybean (Glycine max), a facultative short-day plant, we analyzed the transcriptional profiles of the maturity gene E1 family and two FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) orthologs (FT2a and FT5a). E1, a repressor for FT2a and FT5a, and its two homologs, E1-like-a (E1La) and E1Lb, exhibited two peaks of expression in long days. Using two different approaches (experiments with transition between light and dark phases and night-break experiments), we revealed that the E1 family genes were expressed only during light periods and that their induction after dawn in long days required a period of light before dusk the previous day. In the cultivar Toyomusume, which lacks the E1 gene, virus-induced silencing of E1La and E1Lb up-regulated the expression of FT2a and FT5a and led to early flowering. Therefore, E1, E1La, and E1Lb function similarly in flowering. Regulation of E1 and E1L expression by light was under the control of E3 and E4, which encode phytochrome A proteins. Our data suggest that phytochrome A-mediated transcriptional induction of E1 and its homologs by light plays a critical role in photoperiodic induction of flowering in soybean.

show abstract

GmFT4, a Homolog of FLOWERING LOCUS T, Is Positively Regulated by E1 and Functions as a Flowering Repressor in Soybean

Cited by 112 publications

References 65 publications

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

Dual functions of GmTOE4a in the regulation of photoperiod-mediated flowering and plant morphology in soybean

The Chickpea Early Flowering 1 (Efl1) Locus Is an Ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3

The Soybean-Specific Maturity Gene E1 Family of Floral Repressors Controls Night-Break Responses through Down-Regulation of FLOWERING LOCUS T Orthologs

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About