The Chickpea Early Flowering 1 (Efl1) Locus Is an Ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3

Ridge, Stephen; Deokar, Amit; Lee, Robyn; Daba, Ketema; Macknight, Richard C.; Weller, James L.; Tar’an, Bunyamin

doi:10.1104/pp.17.00082

Cited by 64 publications

(69 citation statements)

References 58 publications

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“…Reports indicate that in chickpea, photoperiod sensitivity commenced on different days after emergence in different accessions [ 57 ]. Exploitation of early flowering genes from cultivated germplasm can be beneficial in breeding photoperiod efficient pulse crops [ 58 ].…”

Section: Achieving Yield Gains In Food Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology Based Approaches for Breeding of Next-Generation Food Legumes

Shunmugam

Kannan

Jiang

et al. 2018

Plants

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Plant breeders and agricultural scientists of the 21st century are challenged to increase the yield potentials of crops to feed the growing world population. Climate change, the resultant stresses and increasing nutrient deficiencies are factors that are to be considered in designing modern plant breeding pipelines. Underutilized food legumes have the potential to address these issues and ensure food security in developing nations of the world. Food legumes in the past have drawn limited research funding and technological attention when compared to cereal crops. Physiological breeding strategies that were proven to be successful in cereals are to be adapted to legume crop improvement to realize their potential. The gap between breeders and physiologists should be narrowed by collaborative approaches to understand complex traits in legumes. This review discusses the potential of physiology based approaches in food legume breeding and how they impact yield gains and abiotic stress tolerance in these crops. The influence of roots and root system architectures in food legumes’ breeding is also discussed. Molecular breeding to map the relevant physiological traits and the potentials of gene editing those traits are detailed. It is imperative to unlock the potentials of these underutilized crops to attain sustainable environmental and nutritional food security.

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Section: Achieving Yield Gains In Food Legumesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physiology Based Approaches for Breeding of Next-Generation Food Legumes

Shunmugam

Kannan

Jiang

et al. 2018

Plants

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“…The floral transition has been intensively studied in model organisms, such as Arabidopsis ( Arabidopsis thaliana ) (Srikanth and Schmid, 2011 ; Andrés and Coupland, 2012 ), and in other plants, including important crops and legumes (Kumar and Abbo, 2001 ; Dong et al, 2012 ; Shrestha et al, 2014 ; Blümel et al, 2015 ; Peng et al, 2015 ; Weller and Ortega, 2015 ; Zhang et al, 2016 ; Ridge et al, 2017 ). Flowering starts in response to various environmental signals, including photoperiod and vernalization, and endogenous signals, such as autonomous and circadian clock, and molecular pathways have been identified conducting these signals to the core gene network that integrates them into a binary decision to flower.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We concentrate on two chickpea cultivars in this study, CDC Frontier and ICCV 96029. CDC Frontier is a photoperiod-sensitive kabuli chickpea cultivar developed at the University of Saskatchewan (Warkentin et al, 2005 ), exhibiting relatively late flowering (Daba et al, 2016 ; Ridge et al, 2017 ). The reference genome sequence was obtained for this cultivar (Varshney et al, 2013 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Quantitative trait loci associated with early flowering were investigated, and it was shown that a single recessive allele with some additional modifiers confer early flowering of ICCV 96029 (Kumar and van Rheenen, 2000 ; Gaur et al, 2015 ; Upadhyaya et al, 2015 ; Mallikarjuna et al, 2017 ). Ridge et al ( 2017 ) provided evidence that a mutation in an ortholog of the key circadian gene ELF3 can be associated with earliness in ICCV 96029 under short day growth conditions, but their analysis of the expression of clock genes in ICCV 96029 did not reveal any clear differences for this cultivar.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Dynamical Modeling of the Core Gene Network Controlling Flowering Suggests Cumulative Activation From the FLOWERING LOCUS T Gene Homologs in Chickpea

et al. 2018

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Initiation of flowering moves plants from vegetative to reproductive development. The time when this transition happens (flowering time), an important indicator of productivity, depends on both endogenous and environmental factors. The core genetic regulatory network canalizing the flowering signals to the decision to flower has been studied extensively in the model plant Arabidopsis thaliana and has been shown to preserve its main regulatory blocks in other species. It integrates activation from the FLOWERING LOCUS T (FT) gene or its homologs to the flowering decision expressed as high expression of the meristem identity genes, including AP1. We elaborated a dynamical model of this flowering gene regulatory network and applied it to the previously published expression data from two cultivars of domesticated chickpea (Cicer arietinum), obtained for two photoperiod durations. Due to a large number of free parameters in the model, we used an ensemble approach analyzing the model solutions at many parameter sets that provide equally good fit to data. Testing several alternative hypotheses about regulatory roles of the five FT homologs present in chickpea revealed no preference in segregating individual FT copies as singled-out activators with their own regulatory parameters, thus favoring the hypothesis that the five genes possess similar regulatory properties and provide cumulative activation in the network. The analysis reveals that different levels of activation from AP1 can explain a small difference observed in the expression of the two homologs of the repressor gene TFL1. Finally, the model predicts highly reduced activation between LFY and AP1, thus suggesting that this regulatory block is not conserved in chickpea and needs other mechanisms. Overall, this study provides the first attempt to quantitatively test the flowering time gene network in chickpea based on data-driven modeling.

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“…In this context the growth of legumes has considerable flow on environmental benefit through their key roles in the facilitating the availability of limiting nutrients nitrogen and phosphorus, which in an agricultural context reduces the need for fertilizer use (Vance, 2001). Similar to A. thaliana, temperate legume crops accelerate their flowering in response to vernalisation and LD conditions (Highkin, 1956;Summerfield et al, 1985;Roberts et al, 1985;Weller and Ortega, 2015;Ridge et al, 2017). Classically pea has been most intensively studied to analyse photoperiodic flowering in temperate legumes but has recently been complemented by the study of other species, such as Medicago truncatula Gaertn.…”

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The transcriptomic response to a short day to long day shift in leaves of the reference legume Medicago truncatula

Thomson

Taylor

Putterill

2018

Preprint

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Photoperiodic flowering aligns plant reproduction to favourable seasons of the year to maximise successful production of seeds and grains. However understanding of this process in the temperate legumes of the Fabaceae family, which are important both agriculturally and ecologically, is incomplete. Previous work in the reference legume Medicago truncatula has shown that the FT-like gene MtFTa1 is a potent floral activator. While MtFTa1 is upregulated by long-day photoperiods (LD) and vernalisation, the molecular basis of this is unknown as functional homologues of key regulatory genes present in other species, notably CONSTANS in A. thaliana, have not been identified. In LD MtFTa1 maintains a near constant diurnal pattern of expression unlike its homologue FT in A. thaliana, which has a notable peak in expression at dusk. This suggests a different manner of regulation. Furthermore, M. truncatula possesses other FT-like genes such as two LD induced MtFTb genes which may also act in the regulation of flowering time. MtFTb genes have a diurnal pattern of expression with peaks at both four and sixteen hours after dawn. This study utilises RNA-Seq to analyse the transcriptome of M. truncatula leaves to identify genes which may regulate or be co-expressed with these FT-like genes following a shift from short-day photoperiods to inductive long-days. Specifically this study focuses on the first four hours of the day in the young leaves, which coincides with the first diurnal peak of the FTb genes. Following differential expression analysis at each timepoint, genes which alter their pattern of expression are distinguished from those which just alter their magnitude of expression (and those that do neither). It goes on to categorise these genes into groups with similar patterns of expression using c-means clustering and identifies a number of potential candidate photoperiod flowering time genes for future studies to consider.

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The Chickpea Early Flowering 1 (Efl1) Locus Is an Ortholog of Arabidopsis ELF3

Cited by 64 publications

References 58 publications

Physiology Based Approaches for Breeding of Next-Generation Food Legumes

Physiology Based Approaches for Breeding of Next-Generation Food Legumes

Dynamical Modeling of the Core Gene Network Controlling Flowering Suggests Cumulative Activation From the FLOWERING LOCUS T Gene Homologs in Chickpea

The transcriptomic response to a short day to long day shift in leaves of the reference legume Medicago truncatula

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