Glutathione‐stabilized Fe₃O₄ nanoparticles as the sorbent for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of diazepam and sertraline from urine samples through quantitation via high‐performance liquid chromatography

Abstract

The synthesis and application of glutathione-coated magnetic nanocomposite were introduced with the purpose of developing a stable, cheap, operationally convenient, simple, fast, sensitive, and selective device for the microextraction of diazepam and sertraline for the first time. The prepared glutathione@Fe 3 O 4 nanocomposite was used as the sorbent in the form of magnetic solid-phase extraction. Afterward, the extracted analytes were desorbed by organic solvent and analyzed by high-performance liquid chromatography-ultraviolet detection. Several influential variables such as desorption time, desorption volume, sample pH, extraction time, and sorbent amount were screened through Plackett-Burman design and then optimized via Box-Behnken design. The obtained results showed that the above-mentioned method enjoys a good linear range (0.2-500 μg/L) with the coefficient of determination higher than 0.9927, low limits of determination (0.07-0.24 μg/L), acceptable limits of quantification (0.22-0.93 μg/L), good enrichment factors (128 and 153), and good spiking recoveries (95-105%) for diazepam and sertraline under the obtained optimized condition. Analyzing the real samples results in the confirmation of the presented method and it can be applied for the analysis of various organic compounds in biological samples.

Creatine@SiO2@Fe3O4 nanocomposite as an efficient sorbent for magnetic solid‐phase extraction of escitalopram and chlordiazepoxide from urine samples through quantitation via HPLC–UV

“…Magnetic sorbent is a useful candidate in the above‐mentioned composites for the extraction methods because of its simplicity, ease of operation, high recovery, and rapid isolation [24]. Very recently, different magnetic sorbents such as C 18 ‐Fe 3 O 4 @SiO 2 , magnetic poly‐amidoamine dendrimer [25], and magnetic glutathione [26] have been synthesized and employed for extraction and determination purposes. Although many of the reported methods are capable of being used for the extraction aims, most of the utilized sorbents are toxic and expensive.…”

A review of the modern principles and applications of solid-phase extraction techniques in chromatographic analysis

“…The phenols and acids were then selectively eluted in separate fractions and were derivatized for GC/MS determination. Recently, TiO 2 nanoparticles and C-nanofibers modified magnetic Fe 3 O 4 nanospheres (TiO 2 @Fe 3 O 4 @C-NFs) were prepared and applied in SPE cartridges for accurate sensitive analysis of drugs in biological, pharmaceutical and environmental samples [ 109 , 110 ]. The main analytical parameters affecting SPE performance packed with the nanomaterials such as pH, sorbent amount, eluent type and volume and sample volume were optimized.…”

A strategy for the enrichment and characterization of disulfide bond‐contained proteins from Chinese cobra (Naja atra) venom

“…To realize the comprehensive proteomic profiling of Naja atra venom rich in disulfide bonds, gold-coated magnetic nanocomposites [20][21][22], namely Au@PEI@Fe 3 O 4 nanoparticles (AuNPs) were prepared in the present study to enrich the disulfide bonds-contained proteins or peptides, especially for low-abundance or trace ones in snake venom. AuNPs are effective in extracting sulfur-contained compounds by forming Au-S bonds [23], and the magnetic property of Fe 3 O 4 facilitates the fast and effective isolation of sulfur-contained compounds from complex mixtures through an external magnet.…”