Geographic distribution of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti and its introduced parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi in parts of Indonesia

Abstract

Abstract. Fanani Z. M., Rauf A, Maryana N, Nurmansyah A, Hindayana D. 2019. Geographic distribution of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti and its introduced parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi in parts of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3751-3757. Cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest detected for the first time in Indonesia in 2010. An exotic parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was introduced and released in 2014 to control the pest. Study was conducted with the objective to determine the geographic distribution of P. manihoti and spread of A. lopezi. Field surveys were conducted on cassava fields in various locations in Lampung, Java, and Nusa Tenggara. Our studies showed that P. manihoti was found to be widely distributed in Lampung, Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. In each location visited, symptoms of P. manihoti infestation as indicated by internode distortion and bunchy top were prominent. Three years following release, parasitoid A. lopezi has established and spread into several cassava growing areas, except East Nusa Tenggara. Parasitism rates varied from 1.50% in West Nusa Tenggara up to 59.18% in East Java. Logistic regression revealed that probability of severe damage by the cassava mealybug was significantly (P<0.05) increased with the increasing abundance of ants.

Parasitism of cassava mealybug by Anagyrus lopezi: Effects of varying host and parasitoid densities

“…A similar outcome was also reported from its introductions to Southeast Asian countries (Wyckhuys et al 2018). The parasitoid successfully established and spread through several countries in Southeast Asia, suppressing mealybug populations and attaining a parasitism level of 10-57% (Le et al 2018;Thancharoen et al 2018;Wyckhuys et al 2018;Fanani et al 2019).…”

Short Communication: First record of the cassava lace bug Vatiga illudens (Drake, 1922) (Hemiptera: Heteroptera: Tingidae) from East Java, Indonesia

“…(Hypocreales: Cordycipitaceae) in V. manihotae and suggested that this entomopathogenic fungus may be used as potential biocontrol agents of the pest. Taking into account the outbreaks of the exotic P. manihoti Matile-Ferrero in Indonesia (Fanani et al 2019;Supartha et al 2020), we assume that V. illudens will also aggressively spread in other cassava productive sectors in Java. The lack of basic information on V. illudens, undoubtedly will complicate the assessment and prediction of the pest outbreak in Indonesia.…”

“…Although native to the Neotropical Region, Vatiga species are expected to invade other tropical cassava-producing countries when seedlings are transported, especially countries in Southeast Asia (Montemayor et al 2015). In 2010, another Neotropical cassava pest Phenacoccus manihoti Marile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), was inadvertently introduced from South America into Indonesia, causing significant economic damage to the country (Muniappan et al 2009;Fanani et al 2019). As a result, Indonesia should anticipate or be prepared for the invasion of CLB.…”

INFLUENCE OF HOST STAGE ON OVIPOSITION, DEVELOPMENT, AND SEX RATIO OF Anagyrus lopezi (DE SANTIS) (HYMENOPTERA: ENCYRTIDAE), A PARASITOID OF THE CASSAVA MEALYBUG, Phenacoccus manihoti MATILE-FERRERO (HEMIPTERA: PSEUDOCOCCIDAE)

“…Although the population of P. manihoti had successfully been controlled by the parasitoid A. lopezi (Le et al, 2018;Thancharoen et al, 2018;Wyckhuys et al, 2018a;Wyckhuys et al, 2018b) their presence in the newly infested region posed a potential threat to food security (Yonow et al, 2017). For example, P. manihoti had been spreading into the islands of Timor and Flores, but A. lopezi had not yet been found in these islands (Wyckhuys et al, 2018a;Fanani et al, 2019). Therefore, it would be necessary to introduce the parasitoids into the newly infested regions.…”

“…The pest was accidentally introduced into Africa in the early 1970s (Bellotti et al, 2012) and Asia in 2008 (Winotai et al, 2010;Parsa et al, 2012;Graziosi et al, 2016). In Indonesia, the pest was first detected in Bogor in 2010 (Muniappan et al, 2009), and since then has spread throughout the regions of Java and Lampung (Abduchalek et al, 2017) and eastern Indonesia (Wyckhuys et al, 2018a;Fanani et al, 2019). Severe attacks had caused yield losses of up to 80% in Africa (Bellotti et al, 2012) and 40-50% in Asia (Wyckhuys et al, 2018b).…”