Abstract. Fanani Z. M., Rauf A, Maryana N, Nurmansyah A, Hindayana D. 2019. Geographic distribution of the invasive mealybug Phenacoccus manihoti and its introduced parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi in parts of Indonesia. Biodiversitas 20: 3751-3757. Cassava mealybug, Phenacoccus manihoti Matile-Ferrero (Hemiptera: Pseudococcidae), is an invasive pest detected for the first time in Indonesia in 2010. An exotic parasitoid Anagyrus lopezi (De Santis) (Hymenoptera: Encyrtidae) was introduced and released in 2014 to control the pest. Study was conducted with the objective to determine the geographic distribution of P. manihoti and spread of A. lopezi. Field surveys were conducted on cassava fields in various locations in Lampung, Java, and Nusa Tenggara. Our studies showed that P. manihoti was found to be widely distributed in Lampung, Banten, West Java, Central Java, East Java, West Nusa Tenggara and East Nusa Tenggara. In each location visited, symptoms of P. manihoti infestation as indicated by internode distortion and bunchy top were prominent. Three years following release, parasitoid A. lopezi has established and spread into several cassava growing areas, except East Nusa Tenggara. Parasitism rates varied from 1.50% in West Nusa Tenggara up to 59.18% in East Java. Logistic regression revealed that probability of severe damage by the cassava mealybug was significantly (P<0.05) increased with the increasing abundance of ants.

Fall armyworm (FAW) Spodoptera frugiperda is an invasive pest that enters Indonesia which can pose a serious threat to the continued production of maize and other crops. This condition is exacerbated if there are no natural enemies who can control the pests. This study aims to explore potential native natural enemies to control the population of FAW in Indonesia and the influence of habitat conditions on the distribution and population of natural enemies. The research was conducted in seven sub-districts in Bogor and three plots were selected from each district. Observation of natural enemies was carried out directly by collecting samples of eggs and larvae of FAW which attacked maize with the transect method on 200 individual plants. The samples collected will be rearing until the parasitoids emerged. We Collected seven genera of parasitoids that were associated with FAW: Apanteles, Charops, Euplectrus, Microplitis, Telenomus, Trichogramma, and two types of predators: ground beetles and Assasin bug. The highest parasitization rate of egg parasitoid was 93.4% while for larvae parasitoid was 12.44%. In conclusion, Telenomus and Microplitis are native parasitoids that can be used as potential natural enemies to control the S. frugiperda population in the field.

No abstract

Abstract. Wakhid, Rauf A, Krisanti M, Sumertajaya IM, Maryana N. 2020. Species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields in Bogor, West Java, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 21: 34-42. Rice fields occupy the largest cultivated area in agricultural landscape in Indonesia and support a variety of living organisms, including aquatic insects. This study was conducted with the objective to determine the species richness and diversity of aquatic insects inhabiting rice fields. Sampling was made in March, May, and July 2017 in rice fields at Situgede, Pandansari, and Kawungluwuk (Bogor region, West Java, Indonesia), and carried out by dragging dip net on the bottom along the edge of the rice plots. A total of 3,306 individuals representing 45 species of aquatic insects belonging to 30 genera, 20 families, and seven orders were recorded. Order Hemiptera was the most abundance comprising 28.89% of the total insects collected, followed by Diptera (24.80%), Coleoptera (24.41%), and Odonata (21.42%). Functional feeding group analysis showed that collectors-gatherers had the highest proportion (40 - 46%), followed by predators (23-44%) and scrapers (10-35%). Rank-abundance curve showed low species evenness with the four most abundant species were Micronecta siva (Kirkaldy) (Hemiptera: Micronectidae), Chironomus sp. (Diptera: Chironomidae), Orthetrum sabina (Drury) (Odonata: Libellulidae), and Helochares sp. (Coleoptera: Hydrophilidae). The Shannon-Wiener index showed the lowest value (H’=1.84) at Situgede and the highest (H’=2.05) at Pandansari. Richness estimate and individual-based rarefaction curve revealed that rice fields at Pandansari have more species richness than the other two sites. This study provides some insights into the aquatic insect community of the human-made ecosystem and suggests that the ecological approach to pest management is necessary for maintaining ecosystem health and promoting biodiversity.

Diversity of parasitoid and predator arthropod in oil palm and paddy field at Cindali, Bogor Regency. Biodiversity can be defined as the diversity of living things in various places to the riches on earth. Insects as one of the components of biodiversity have an important role in the food web as herbivores, carnivores (parasitoids and predators), and detritivores. The research aimed to study the diversity of parasitoids and predators at two sampling locations. Sampling was carried out at the oil palm plantation PTPN VIII Cindali, Ranca Bungur, Bogor and at the paddy fields that adjacent to the plantation. This research was conducted in December 2014 until July 2015. This research takes 3 plots in oil palm plantations and 3 plots in paddy field. Each plot consists of 5 subplots, one of each was 18 x 18 m. Sampling was carried out following the paddy age, since 2 week after plantation until paddy harvested and repeated every 2 weeks. This research use three methods, i.e. insect nets, pitfall trap and yellow pan trap. The results showed that the diversity of parasitoids and predators on both planting locations was high. In the oil palm plantations the total number of insect parasitoids and predators was 184 morphospecies from 10 orders and 57 families, while in the paddy fields was 183 morphospecies from 10 orders and 60 families. Telenomus podisi parasitoids and predators Anoplolepis gracilipes is morphospecies with the highest abundance. Key words: ground vegetation, insect trap, natural enemies ABSTRAKKeanekaragaman parasitoid dan artropoda predator pada pertanaman kelapa sawit dan padi sawah di Cindali, Kabupaten Bogor. Keanekaragaman hayati dapat diartikan sebagai keanekaragaman makhluk hidup di berbagai tempat yang menjadi kekayaan di muka bumi. Serangga sebagai salah satu komponen keanekaragaman hayati memiliki peranan penting dalam jaring makanan yaitu sebagai herbivora, karnivora (parasitoid dan predator) dan detritivora. Penelitian bertujuan untuk mengetahui keanekaragaman parasitoid dan predator pada pertanaman kelapa sawit dan area persawahan di Cindali, Bogor. Pengambilan sampel dilaksanakan pada perkebunan kelapa sawit PTPN VIII Cindali, Ranca Bungur, Bogor dan pertanaman padi sawah yang berdekatan dengan perkebunan tersebut. Pengamatan dilakukan pada bulan Desember 2014 -Juli 2015. Penelitian ini mengambil 3 plot pada tanaman kelapa sawit dan 3 plot pada padi sawah. Setiap plot terdiri dari 5 subplot, satu subplot berukuran 18 m x 18 m. Pengambilan sampel mengikuti umur padi yaitu, sejak padi berumur 2 MST hingga menjelang padi dipanen, diulang setiap 2 minggu sekali dengan menggunakan 3 metode, yaitu jaring serangga, perangkap lubang, dan perangkap nampan kuning. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan keanekaragaman parasitoid dan predator pada kedua lokasi pertanaman tinggi. Pada pertanaman kelapa sawit individu serangga parasitoid dan predator berjumlah 184 morfospesies dari 10 ordo dan 57 famili, sedangkan padi sawah diperoleh 183 morfospesies dari 10 ordo dan 60 famili. Parasitoid Telenomus podisi...