Genetic diversity in Anatolian wild grapes (Vitis viniferasubsp.sylvestris) estimated by SSR markers

Abstract

Anatolia (Asia Minor) is considered to be the cradle of viticulture, but wild grape accessions from this region have not been subjected to any genetic analysis. We present the first genetic characterization of wild grapes (Vitis vinifera subsp. sylvestris) from this region. Using 15 nuclear microsatellites, we genotyped 84 wild grape accessions collected from three Anatolian locations. The unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean analysis revealed four genetic clusters that partially separated Anatolian wild grape populations. In general, accessions from geographically closer locations showed higher genetic similarities than those from more distant locations. In some cases, accessions from one population showed close genetic relationships to accessions from a different population. The genetic diversity between natural populations from both ends of the Mediterranean basin has shown higher genetic diversity in the Anatolian Peninsula than peripheral populations, suggesting that this area could be one centre of diversity of the species. The genetic relationship between wild and cultivated grapevine from Anatolian Peninsula indicated a clear separation between them. However, we cannot discarded a local genetic contribution. Overall, this study reveals useful information for management and potential utilization of Anatolian wild grape germplasm.

Genetic characterization of some wild grape populations (Vitis viniferasubsp.sylvestris) of Zagros mountains (Iran) to indentify a conservation strategy

“…Similar results have been obtained for Anatolia populations (Ergül et al, 2011), and they indicate that the genetic diversity of wild grape populations in the Middle East regions is higher than that of populations distributed in other areas such as the Mediterranean basin (Grassi et al, 2003a;Lopes et al, 2009;Zinelabidine et al, 2010). Similar results have been obtained for Anatolia populations (Ergül et al, 2011), and they indicate that the genetic diversity of wild grape populations in the Middle East regions is higher than that of populations distributed in other areas such as the Mediterranean basin (Grassi et al, 2003a;Lopes et al, 2009;Zinelabidine et al, 2010).…”

“…Over the past few centuries, historical evidence combined with ampelographic data has frequently been used to characterize grape germplasm and to investigate the origin and relationships among wild and cultivated individuals (Labra et al, 2002;Barth et al, 2009;Ocete et al, 2011). This marker set has also been used to investigate the evolution of wild grape populations, the gene flow among different areas, and the response of wild accessions to environmental impacts and human activities (De Mattia et al, 2008;Ergül et al, 2011;Imazio et al, 2013). The EU-PROJECT GENRES CT96 NO81 has identified a universal set of simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers useful for univocally distinguishing each cultivar (This and Dettweiler, 2003).…”

Genetic diversity analysis of cultivated and wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera L.) accessions around the Mediterranean basin and Central Asia

“…Clusters within sylvestris accessions from Georgia and Armenia overlapped and were closely associated with cultivated forms from Georgia, Pakistan and Turkmenistan. The close association of Georgian wild grapevines with Georgian cultivated accessions strongly supports their involvement in the initial domestication of grapevine [ 55 – 57 ]. Evaluation with NJ cluster analysis and PCoA, indicates that local European sylvestris vines might have contributed to the selection and introgression of genes into Western European grapevines in the later part of the domestication process (Fig.…”

Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated grapevine accessions from southeast Turkey

“…SSR markers were useful as a complementary tool to traditional ampelography for cultivar identification. Wild grape populations have recently been studied using molecular markers (De Mattıa et al ; Bodor et al ; Garcıa Muñoz et al ; Laucou et al ; Ergül et al ; De Andres et al ).…”