Genetic diversity of wild and cultivated grapevine accessions from southeast Turkey

Abstract

Wild grapevine genetic diversity in southeast Turkey has not been documented to date. In the present work, in order to clarify the relationships between wild and cultivated grape accessions from southeastern Turkey, 22 nuclear and three chloroplast microsatellite loci were used on 21 wild grapevine Vitis vinifera L. ssp. sylvestris (Gmelin) and 13 cultivated grapevine Vitis vinifera ssp. sativa accessions. The number of alleles per SSR locus ranged from 4 (VVIn16) to 20 (VVIv67) and the mean allele number per locus was 10.09. Expected locus heterozygosity ranged from 0.586 (locus VVIb01) to 0.898 (locus (VVIv67)). The three cpSSR molecular markers presented variation in size both in cultivars and in wild Turkish accessions. Two size variants were detected for cpSSR3 (106 and 107 bp) for cpSSR5 (104 and 105 bp), and for cpSSR10 (115 and 116 bp). The six alleles in wild grapevines fell into three haplotypes B, C and D. A genetic structure according to accessions taxonomic status (wild or cultivated) was revealed by UPGMA analysis. This highlighted a clear separation between domesticated and wild accessions in Turkish germplasm. The results pointed out the need to further collect and characterize this wild and cultivated grapevine germplasm.

Assessment of wild grapevine (Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris) chlorotypes and accompanying woody species in the Eastern Adriatic region

“…For instance, the greatest haplotype diversity (seven chlorotypes) was found in the wild grape populations of the Near East and Caucasus, which is the presumed primary center of domestication. Chlorotypes D, B and C are present in Turkish wild accessions [ 39 ]. In both studies, the prevalent haplotype was D, which is not common in the majority of European wild populations.…”

One size does not fit all: the risk of using amplicon size of chloroplast SSR marker for genetic relationship studies

“…Although there have been numerous warnings about size homoplasy when using total length variation (Doyle et al 1998;Wheeler et al 2014), cpSSR markers have continuously been developed and employed for genetic analysis in plant species (Karatas et al 2014;Sanchez-Robles et al 2014;Phumichai et al 2015). However, these studies did not report the origin of the total length variations in their data sets because the researchers probably believe that the use of closely related taxa (i.e., within a species) and a large number of markers reduced the risk for examining genetic relationship Wheeler et al 2014).…”

“…Doyle et al (1998) addressed a potential risk of using length variation of SSR marker for genetic relationships, noting that the regions flanking SSRs could contain insertion or deletion (INDEL) or other SSR events. Despite warnings about size homoplasy, the length variation of cpSSR markers has been used in plants continuously for the study of genetic structure within closely related taxa (Karatas et al 2014;Sanchez-Robles et al 2014).…”

Determination of downy and powdery mildew resistance of some Vitis spp.

“…sativa and wild Vitis vinifera ssp. sylvestris (Arroyo-Garcia et al, 2006;Karataş et al, 2014). Grapes are grown in a large area but over time many pests and diseases have begun to affect yield and quality in the world's vineyards.…”