Gender, age, socio-demographic and lifestyle factors associated with major dietary patterns in the Spanish Project SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra)

Abstract

Objective: To ascertain the major dietary patterns in the cohort 'SUN' and to assess the association of several sociodemographic (including age and gender) and lifestyle variables with the adherence to these dietary patterns. Design: This study is a cross-sectional analysis of 3847 subjects (1587 men and 2260 women) belonging to a prospective cohort study based on self-reported questionnaires. A factor analysis based on 30 predefined food groups was conducted to ascertain the major dietary patterns in the cohort. Multiple regression models were fitted to assess the relationship between several sociodemographic and lifestyle variables and the adherence to these dietary patterns (measured using two scores with observed values ranging from 7 3.2 to þ 4.6 for the Western pattern and 7 3.1 to þ 5.5 for the Mediterranean pattern). Results: Two major dietary patterns were found. The first pattern was labelled as a 'Western' dietary pattern and the other as a 'Spanish-Mediterranean' dietary pattern. Younger subjects were more likely to follow a 'Western' dietary pattern; the coefficient representing the change for every 10 y increase in age was b ¼ 7 0.24 (P < 0.001) for men and b ¼ 7 0.12 (P < 0.001) for women. More physically active subjects were less likely to follow a 'Western' dietary pattern and more likely to follow a 'SpanishMediterranean' dietary pattern. Conclusions: An association between a higher level of physical activity during leisure time and adherence to a 'SpanishMediterranean' diet was apparent. However, the profile of being a young, sedentary and single male was identified as the most likely to exhibit a departure from the traditional 'Spanish-Mediterranean' diet and follow a 'Western' dietary pattern.

Association between dietary and beverage consumption patterns in the SUN (Seguimiento Universidad de Navarra) cohort study

“…This finding is consistent with a previous report of our group assessing 3847 university graduates (21) . Adherence to a Western diet (WDP) was associated with the consumption of several kinds of beverages such as sugar-sweetened soft drinks and Adjusted for age (years), gender, energy intake (MJ/d), BMI (four categories), physical activity during leisure time (quartiles, MET-h/week), smoking (six categories), marital status (four categories) and several diseases (CVD, cancer and ulcer).…”

Patterns of food acquisition in Brazilian households and associated factors: a population-based survey

“…Hu et al (36) in a large study in US men reported that individuals who had higher scores for a 'Western' dietary pattern were more likely to have lower levels of income and education. Our results of the dual pattern are similar to those of previous studies, in which patterns with high loadings in fruit and vegetables were frequently positively associated with age (33,39,40) , higher income, higher educational levels (41) or higher socio-economic status, sometimes in a genderspecific manner. Cai et al (39) , in Shanghai, reported that more educated people had higher scores for all three patterns retained.…”

Associations between dietary patterns and obesity phenotypes

“…However, dietary factor scores of both patterns were comparable for individuals with FHO þ and FHOÀ. However, it should be noted that in comparison to the study of Sanchez-Villegas et al, 43 which reported results stratified on the basis of gender, men and women were studied together in this study. On the other hand, this study also suggests that individuals having an FHO þ and having a high score of Western pattern are more likely to be obese.…”

“…In the literature, Sanchez-Villegas et al 43 reported that women with a personal history of obesity are less likely to follow a Western pattern and men with a personal history of obesity are more likely to follow a healthy pattern (SpanishMediterranean). Thus, it is reasonable to believe that the presence of obesity or an FHO þ can also have an influence on adherence to dietary patterns.…”