Galactomannan from Trigonella foenum‐graecum L. seed: Prebiotic application and its fermentation by the probiotic Bacillus coagulans strain MTCC 5856

Abstract

Health benefits of dietary fibers are currently being widely recognized. However, the assessment of dietary fiber as a prebiotic is essential and also important for the development of an improved synbiotic commercial preparation. Thus, the aim of this study was to evaluate the potential of galactomannan extracted from fenugreek seeds as a prebiotic fiber and also its fermentation by the probiotic strain Bacillus coagulans MTCC 5856. Nondigestibility by the gastric acid and pancreatic enzyme hydrolysis of galactomannan were determined using an in vitro model mimicking the in vivo conditions. Further, anaerobic fermentation and utilization of galactomannan by the B. coagulans MTCC 5856 was investigated followed by selective inhibition of Escherichia coli ATCC 25922. The galactomannan from fenugreek seeds was found to be nondigestible to gastric acid and also to pancreatic enzymatic hydrolysis. The galactomannan was fermented and utilized (71.4%) by the B. coagulans MTCC 5856, and also significant amount of short‐chain fatty acids production was also observed. Furthermore, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 inhibited the E. coli ATCC 25922 growth when cocultured with galactomannan suggesting competitive fermentation of probiotic bacteria. Galactomannan exhibited prebiotic activity and also showed suitability with probiotic B. coagulans MTCC 5856 in a synbiotic combination. This study provides the first scientific evidence of galactomannan from fenugreek seeds as a prebiotic that may play an important role in modulating gut flora by acting as substrate to beneficial microbes.

Galactomannan More than Pectin Exacerbates Liver Injury in Mice Fed with High‐Fat, High‐Cholesterol Diet

“…Propionate in known to be toxic to liver mitochondria, which can lead to hepatic lipotoxicity damage . It has recently been shown that, under anaerobic fermentation using a glucose‐devoid medium, propionate production is the highest of all SCFAs . Indeed, these are the conditions in the colonic environment following the absorption of simple carbohydrates in the small intestine.…”

Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic green banana resistant starch and probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores ameliorates gut inflammation in mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases

“…The approach potentially offers greater success of colonisation and survivability of beneficial bacteria owing to the greater effects that can be achieved compared to using either probiotics or prebiotics alone [20]. B. coagulans MTCC5856 is known to ferment variety of plant fibres [21][22][23]. It is, therefore, a candidate probiotic for synbiotic combination with plant prebiotic fibres.…”

Evaluation of the in vitro cholesterol‐lowering activity of the probiotic strain Bacillus coagulansMTCC 5856

“…). Furthermore, B. coagulans MTCC 5856 has been reported to produce short‐chain fatty acids (acetic, propionic and butyric acids) while fermenting prebiotic fibres, such as cranberry seed fibre and galactomannan from fenugreek (Majeed et al ., ,c), thus further demonstrating a role for B. coagulans 5856 in the inhibition of liver cholesterol synthesis.…”

“…for 24 h. After incubation, the samples were centrifuged (8000 × g at 4 °C for 10 min), and the cholesterol content was estimated in the supernatant by a method described previously (Rudel & Morris, ; Liong & Shah, ). The production of short‐chain fatty acids (propionic and butyric acids) by B. coagulans MTCC 5856 while fermenting egg yolk, butter and chicken liver was carried out using the method described in our previous study (Majeed et al ., ). After 24 h of incubation, 5 mL of each sample was collected and diluted with 5 mL of distilled water, and the pH was then adjusted to 1.5 using 3 m H 2 SO 4 .…”

“…After centrifugation, the organic layer was separated and transferred to a fresh vial. SCFA was quantified using gas chromatography (GC) (Agilent Technologies 6890N gas chromatograph) by comparisons with SCFA standards as described previously (Majeed et al ., ).…”