Synbiotic supplementation with prebiotic green banana resistant starch and probiotic Bacillus coagulans spores ameliorates gut inflammation in mouse model of inflammatory bowel diseases

Abstract

Purpose The research goal is to develop dietary strategies to help address the growing incidence of inflammatory bowel diseases (IBD). This study has investigated the effectiveness of green banana resistant starch (GBRS) and probiotic Bacillus coagulans MTCC5856 spores for the amelioration of dextran-sulfate sodium (DSS)-induced colitis in mice. Methods Eight-week-old C57BL/6 mice were fed standard rodent chow diet supplemented with either B. coagulans, GBRS or its synbiotic combination. After 7 days supplementation, colitis was induced by adding 2% DSS in drinking water for 7 days while continuing the supplemented diets. Animal health was monitored and after 14 days all animals were sacrificed to measure the biochemical and histochemical changes associated with each supplement type. Results The disease activity index and histological damage score for DSS-control mice (6.1, 17.1, respectively) were significantly higher (p < 0.0001) than the healthy mice. Synbiotic supplementation alleviated these markers (− 67%, − 94% respectively) more adequately than B. coagulans (− 52%, − 58% respectively) or GBRS (− 57%, − 26%, respectively) alone. Compared to DSS-control synbiotic supplementation significantly (p < 0.0001) maintained expressions of tight junction proteins. Moreover, synbiotic effects accounted for ~ 40% suppression of IL-1β and ~ 29% increase in IL-10 levels in serum while also reducing C-reactive protein (− 37%) compared to that of the DSS-control. While, B. coagulans alone could not induce additional levels of short-chain fatty acid (SCFA) production beyond the caecum, the synbiotic combination with GBRS resulted in substantial increased SCFA levels across the whole length of the colon. Conclusion The synbiotic supplementation with B. coagulans and GBRS ameliorated the overall inflammatory status of the experimental IBD model via synergistic functioning. This supports researching its application in mitigating inflammation in human IBD.

Microbiota Modulating Nutritional Approaches to Countering the Effects of Viral Respiratory Infections Including SARS-CoV-2 through Promoting Metabolic and Immune Fitness with Probiotics and Plant Bioactives

“…These molecules then interact with other immune cells through a complex network of signaling pathways, leading to the activation of the mucosal immune systems. Specific PBs have been demonstrated to enhance T-helper 1 (Th1) and regulatory T-cell (Treg) function [75] and strengthen the epithelial barrier function by increasing mucin production, tight junction proteins, and goblet cells [76][77][78]. In contrast to some earlier reports [79][80][81], current studies support the potency of specific PBs in inducing changes in gut bacterial diversity [82][83][84].…”

“…The variations in the formulation of prebiotic supplements in these studies could account for the discrepancies in the status of participants and outcomes. The type of prebiotic fiber, its complexity (purified or whole-plant) and added bio-actives tend to considerably influence the benefits achieved [77,78].…”

“…However, commonly studied purified DFs represent limited biochemical complexity compared to that occurring in fruits and vegetables [149]. Whole-plant prebiotic sugarcane fiber and green banana resistant starch flour supplements with natural fiber complexity have been shown to elevate SCFA levels and reduce local inflammation in acute colitis mice [77,78]. Non-purified DF supplements contain both soluble and insoluble fibers with rapid and slow-fermentable fractions and at ratios that more accurately represent those occurring in natural whole-plant foods [77].…”

Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701 improves feed conversion ratio, promotes antioxidant capacity, alleviates intestinal inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets

“…S. boulardii ma c-1701 inclusion showed some alterations with regard to microbiota communities. In the colon, S. boulardii ma c-1701 inclusion increased the abundance of Bacillus genus, which have excellent immunomodulatory and anti-in ammatory e cacy [40,41]. In addition, a previous study reported that several Bacillus species, reduced pathogen colonization but the mechanisms by which this occurs is unclear [42].…”

Administration of Saccharomyces boulardii mafic-1701 improves feed conversion ratio, promotes antioxidant capacity, alleviates intestinal inflammation and modulates gut microbiota in weaned piglets

“…boulardii ma c-1701 inclusion showed some alterations with regard to microbiota communities. In the colon, S. boulardii ma c-1701 inclusion increased the abundance of Bacillus genus, which have excellent immunomodulatory and anti-in ammatory e cacy [38,39]. In addition, a previous study reported that several Bacillus species, reduced pathogen colonization but the mechanisms by which this occurs is unclear [40].…”