Fusion Bonding Possibility for Incompatible Polymers by the Novel Ultrasonic Welding Technology: Effect of Interfacial Compatibilization

Fu, Xiangkai; Wu, Xueli; Huang, Guigang; Li, Wenquan; Kang, Shuai; Wang, Liang; Luo, Jinling; Pan, Ziwei; Lu, Wenqiang

doi:10.1021/acsomega.2c00255

Cited by 6 publications

(4 citation statements)

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“…The standard materials for continuous natural fiber reinforced thermoplastic composites are prepreg or semipreg (comingled yarn-based fabric). These semi-products open the way to new forming techniques such as hot press forming (Ouagne et al, 2010;Bourmaud et al, 2016;Derbali et al, 2018), automated prepreg tape placement (Lukaszewicz et al, 2012;van Hoa et al, 2017;Donough et al, 2022), or new welding techniques (Ageorges et al, 2001;Ageorges and Ye, 2002;Yousefpour et al, 2004;Fu et al, 2022). One of the very influent parameters of the forming techniques is the temperature (Guzman-Maldonado et al, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship of morphology evolution and thermal conductivity of flax reinforced polypropylene laminates

et al. 2023

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This paper focuses on the morphology evolution in the forming process of unidirectional flax reinforced polypropylene composite laminates. The link between the morphology evolution and thermal conductivity during consolidation stages is investigated. Hot press forming allows to manufacture several composite laminates at different consolidation stages as a function of the compaction thickness. Microscopic evolution of the laminates in terms of morphology and porosity fractions are evaluated by scanning electron microscopy and X-ray microtomography (µ-CT). Hot disk technique is applied to measure the thermal conductivity of the laminates in in-plane and transverse directions. It is found that the in-plane thermal conductivity almost linearly increases with the reduction of porosity fraction. However, the transverse thermal conductivity remained constant. Beside the proposed relations, a theoretical model, based on a two-level Mori-Tanaka homogenization method is proposed. Considering the three-phases material (i.e., porosity, fiber, and polymer matrix), there is a good agreement between the experiment data and model predictions, but limited predictivity for porosity level above 15% certainly due to simplifying assumptions used in the predictive model.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the relationship of morphology evolution and thermal conductivity of flax reinforced polypropylene laminates

et al. 2023

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“…These studies addressed proper welding strategies, such as welding time to ensure joint strength. So far, there are few reports on fusion bounding for incompatible polymers [ 9 ]. Fu et al [ 9 ] successfully welded PP and PA6 by an interlayer solder sheet (ISS) prepared by blending of maleic anhydride-functionalized polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) and polyamide 6 (PA6) by an ultrasonic welding device.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…So far, there are few reports on fusion bounding for incompatible polymers [ 9 ]. Fu et al [ 9 ] successfully welded PP and PA6 by an interlayer solder sheet (ISS) prepared by blending of maleic anhydride-functionalized polypropylene (PP-g-MAH) and polyamide 6 (PA6) by an ultrasonic welding device. However, such thermoplastic systems must be processed at high processing temperatures, for example, PA-6 above 160 °C, PP in the temperature range of 230–270 °C [ 10 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Hot-Plate Welding of Reactively Compatibilized Acrylic-Based Composites/Polyamide (PA)-12

et al. 2023

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Joining of dissimilar thermoplastics and their composites is a challenge for thermal welding techniques due to different melting points. Reactive welding with an auxiliary functional material can offer the clear opportunities to develop joining processes due to robustness to joining dissimilar thermoplastic polymers and their composites. The current study employed reactive compatibilization to offer the possibility of joining an acrylic-based glass fiber composite to polyamide (PA)-12 by applying a hot-tool welding technique. For this purpose, composite plates are fabricated by a typical vacuum infusion and thin layer thermoplastic films are formed by a thermostamping of PA12 granules. Subsequently, the reactive welding of the interposed PA12 sheet and Elium®-GMA-Glass composite is conducted by hot-plate welding. A glycidyl methacrylate (GMA) as a compatibilizing agent is copolymerized with methyl methacrylate Elium® resin. During the hot-tool welding process of dissimilar thermoplastic material, GMA can react with the polyamide end groups. The heat distribution at the Elium® GMA/PA-12 interface is responsible for obtaining a strong joint. This study focuses on the functionality of the compatibilizer on the welding of acrylic-based composites with polyamide (PA)-12 while varying the assembly temperature. The flatwise tensile test proved the effectiveness of GMA on the interface bounding. The excellent bounding incompatible polymers Elium® resin (PMMA) and PA12 was achieved at 200 °C.

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“…This blend was then consolidated through the curing of the epoxide resin and the thermoplastic binder. As for the heating element, a carbon-fiber-reinforced binder (CF/binder) prepreg interlayer, comprising a single layer of carbon fabric sandwiched between two layers of binder film, was prepared through hot pressing [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the Analyses of Cure Cycle Effects on Peel Strength Characteristics in Carbon High-Tg Epoxy/Plasma-Activated Carbon PEEK Composite Interfaces: A Preliminary Inquiry

Perrin,

Vaudemont,

Bodaghi

2023

Materials

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In this study, a high-Tg aerospace-grade epoxy composite plate was co-curing welded using a unidirectional PEEK thermoplastic carbon fibre tape to develop advanced composite joints. To account for the surface roughness and the weldability of carbon–epoxy/carbon–PEEK composites, plasma treatments were performed. The co-curing was conducted by the following steps: each treated thermoplastic tape was first placed in the mould, and followed by nine layers of dry-woven carbon fabrics. The mould was sealed using a vacuum bag, and a bi-component thermoset (RTM6) impregnated the preform. To understand the role of curing kinetics, post-curing, curing temperature, and dwell time on the quality of joints, five cure cycles were programmed. The strengths of the welded joints were investigated via the interlayer peeling test. Furthermore, cross-sections of welded zones were assessed using scanning electron microscopy in terms of the morphology of the PEEK/epoxy interphase after co-curing. The preliminary results showed that the cure cycle is an important controlling parameter for crack propagation. A noticeable distinction was evident between the samples cured first at 140 °C for 2 h and then at 180 °C for 2 h, and those cured initially at 150 °C for 2 h followed by 180 °C for 2 h. In other words, the samples subjected to the latter curing conditions exhibited consistently reproducible results with minimal errors compared to different samples. The reduced errors confirmed the reproducibility of these samples, indicating that the adhesion between CF/PEEK and CF/RTM6 tends to be more stable in this curing scenario.

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Fusion Bonding Possibility for Incompatible Polymers by the Novel Ultrasonic Welding Technology: Effect of Interfacial Compatibilization

Cited by 6 publications

References 50 publications

On the relationship of morphology evolution and thermal conductivity of flax reinforced polypropylene laminates

On the relationship of morphology evolution and thermal conductivity of flax reinforced polypropylene laminates

On the Hot-Plate Welding of Reactively Compatibilized Acrylic-Based Composites/Polyamide (PA)-12

On the Analyses of Cure Cycle Effects on Peel Strength Characteristics in Carbon High-Tg Epoxy/Plasma-Activated Carbon PEEK Composite Interfaces: A Preliminary Inquiry

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